2014年职称英语(综合类)A级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2014年职称英语（综合类）A级真题试卷 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. 词汇选项 2. 阅读判断 3. 概括大意与完成句子 4. 阅读理解 5. 补全短文 6. 完形填空

词汇选项 (第1-15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。

1． There was an inclination to treat geography as a less important subject. A．point B．tendency C．result D．finding

正确答案：B

解析：本句意思：曾经有一种倾向认为地理是一门次要的学科。inclination意思为“倾向，趋势”，与tendency(趋势，倾向)意思相近。point论点，观点，要点；resulf后果，结果；finding调查发现，调查结果。

2． New secretaries came and went with monotonous regularity. A．amazing B．depressing C．predictable D．dull

正确答案：D

解析：本句意思：秘书不停地更换，令人厌烦。monotonous意思为“单调乏味的”，与dull(枯燥无味的，令人生厌的)意思相近。amazing令人惊奇的；depressing令人沮丧的；predictable可预见的。

3． The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation. A．furnish B．copy C．publish D．summarize

正确答案：A 解析：本句意思：委员会要提交一份有关住房情况的报告。render意思为“递交，提交”，与furnish(提供)意思相近。copy复制，复印；publish出版，发行；summarize总结，概括。

4． The group does not advocate the use of violence.

A．limit B．regulate C．oppose D．support

正确答案：D

解析：本句意思：该团体不支持使用暴力。advocate意思为“支持，拥护，提倡”，与support(支持，拥护)意思相近。limit限制，限定；regulate约束，控制；oppose反对，抵制。

5． The original experiment cannot be exactly duplicated. A．reproduced B．invented C．designed D．reported

正确答案：A 解析：本句意思：原先的实验不可能被完全地复制。duplicate意思为“复制，重复”，与reproduce(复制，再生产)意思相近。invent发明，创造；design设计，安排；report报告，通报。

6． The department deferred the decision for six months. A．put off B．arrived at C．abided by

D．protested against

正确答案：A

解析：本句意思：这个部门推迟了六个月才做决定。defer意思为“推迟，延缓”，与put off(推迟，延迟)意思相近。arrive at到达，抵达；abide by遵守，遵循；protest against抗议，反对。

7． The symptoms of the disease manifested themselves ten days later. A．eased B．appeared C．improved D．relieved

正确答案：B

解析：本句意思：十天后，这种病的症状显现了出来。manifest意思为“显现，使人注意到”，与appear(出现，显现)意思相近。ease减轻，缓解；improve改进，改善；relieve减轻，缓和。

8． That uniform makes the guards look absurd.

A．serious B．ridiculous C．beautiful D．impressive

正确答案：B

解析：本句意思：警卫们穿着那种制服看起来很荒谬。absurd意思为“荒谬的，荒唐的”，与ridiculous(荒谬的，荒唐的)意思相近。serious严重的，有危险的；beautiful漂亮的，美观的；impressive令人赞叹的，令人敬佩的。

9． Some of the larger birds can remain stationary in the air for several minutes. A．silent

B．motionless C．seated D．真

正确答案：B

解析：本句意思：一些体型较大的鸟可以在空中保持几分钟静止不动。stationary意思为“不动的，静止的”，与motionless(静止的，一动不动的)意思相近。silent不说话的，沉默的；seated是seat的过去分词，remain sealed继续坐着；true真实的，真正的。

10． The country was torn apart by strife. A．poverty B．war C．conflict D．economy

正确答案：C

解析：本句意思：冲突使这个国家四分五裂。strife意思为“冲突，争斗”，与conflict(冲突，争论)意思相近。porerty贫穷，贫困；war战争，斗争；economy经济，经济情况。

11． She felt that she had done her good deed for the day. A．act

B．homework C．justice D．model

正确答案：A

解析：本句意思：她觉得她已经做了好事。deed意思为“行为，行动”，与act(行为，行动)意思相近。your good deed for the day表示“(所做的)好事，善事”。homework家庭作业；justice公平，公正；model模型，样本。

12． A person’ s wealth is often in inverse proportion to their happiness. A．equal B．certain C．large D．opposite

正确答案：D 解析：本句意思：一个人的财富常常和他的幸福成反比。inverse意思为“(数量、位置)相反的，反向的”，与opposite(相反的)意思相近。equal相同的，同样的；certain肯定的，确定的；large大的。

13． His professional career spanned 16 years. A．started B．changed C．moved D．lasted

正确答案：D

解析：本句意思：他的职业生涯长达16年。span意思为“持续，贯穿”，与last(持续，延续)意思相近。start开始；change改变；move移动。

14． His stomach felt hollow with fear. A．sincere “ B．respectful C．terrible D．empty

正确答案：D

解析：本句意思：他吓得魂不附体。hollow意思为“中空的，空心的”，与empty(空的，空洞的)意思相近。sincere真诚的，诚挚的；respectful表示敬意的，尊敬的；terrible可怕的，非常讨厌的。

15． This was disaster on a cosmic scale. A．modest B．huge

C．commercial D．national

正确答案：B 解析：本句意思：这是个塌天大祸。cosmic意思为“巨大且重要的”，与huge(巨大的)意思相近。modest些许的，不太大(或太贵、太重要)的；commercial商业的，商务的；national国家的，全国性的。

阅读判断 (第16-22题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个

句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

When Our Words Collide “Wanna buy a body?” That was the opening line of more than a few phone calls I got from freelance(自由职业)photographers when I was a photo editor at U. S. News. Like many in the mainstream press, I wanted to separate the world of photographers into “ them” , who trade in pictures of bodies or chase celebrities, and ‘‘us” , the serious news people. But after 16 years in that role, I came to wonder whether the two worlds were easily distinguishable. Working in the reputable world of journalism, I assigned photographers to cover other people ‘ s nightmares. I justified invading moments of grief, under the guise(借口)of the reader’ s right to know. I didn’ t ask photographers to trespass(冒犯)or to stalk(跟踪), but I didn’ t have to. 1 worked with pros(同行)who did what others did, talking their way into situations or shooting from behind police lines to get pictures I was after. And I wasn’ t alone. In the aftermath of a car crash or some other hideous incident when ordinary people are hurt or killed, you rarely see photographers pushing past rescue workers to capture the blood and gore(血腥场面). But you are likely to see local newspaper and television photographers on the scene—and fast. How can we justify our behavior? Journalists are taught to separate doing the job from worrying about the consequence of publishing what they record. Repeatedly, they are reminded of a news-business dictum(格言): leave your conscience in the office. You get the picture of the footage; the decision whether to print or air it comes later. A victim may lie bleeding, unconscious, or dead;your job is to record the image. You put away your emotions and document the scene. We act this way partly because we know that the pictures can have important meaning. Photographs can change deplorable(凄惨的)situations by mobilizing public outrage or increase public understanding. However, disastrous events often bring out the worst in photographers and photo editors. In the first minutes and hours after a disaster occurs, photo agencies buy pictures. Often an agency buys a picture from a local newspaper or an amateur photographer and put it up for bid by major magazines. The most keenly sought “exclusives” command tens of thousands of dollars through bidding contests. Many people believe that journalists need to change the way they do things, and it’ s our pictures that annoy people the most. Readers may not believe, as we do, that there is a distinction between sober-minded us and sleazy(低级庸俗的)”them”. In too many cases, by our choices of images as well as how we get them, we prove our readers right.

16． The writer never got an offer for a photograph of a dead person. A．Right B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

正确答案：C

解析：由文章第一段第一、二句话“‘Wanna buy a body?That was the opening line of morethan a few phone calls I got from freelance photographers when I was a photo editor at U.S． News．”可知，当作者还是一名照片编辑时，他接到过一些自由职业摄影师的电话，开头就问是否需要一些照片，但是并未提及他是否接到过一张已过世的人的照片。故选C。

17． The writer was a photographer sixteen years ago. A．Right B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

正确答案：B

解析：由文章第一段第二句话后半句“when I was a photo editor at U. S．News”和第一段最后一句前半句话“But after 16 years in that role…”可知，作者曾经是一名照片编辑，而不是摄影师。故选B。

18． The writer believes that shooting people’ s nightmares is justifiable. A．Right B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

正确答案：B 解析：由文章第二段第二句话“I justified invading moments of grief，under the guise(借口)ofthe reader’s right to know．”可知，作者以读者需要了解真相为借口，把侵犯别人的梦魇看作是合理的。又由本段第三句话“I didn’t ask photographers to trespass(冒犯)or to stalk(跟踪)，but I didn’t have to．”可知，作者没有要求摄影师去冒犯或者跟踪别人。这里的guise(借口)、trespass(冒犯)和stalk(跟踪)都有贬义的意思，由此可看出作者其实并不认为拍摄别人的梦魇是情有可原的。故选B。

19． News photographers are usually a problem for rescue workers at an accident.

A．Right B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

正确答案：C 解析：文章第三段提到，当人们因为发生汽车碰撞或者其他一些丑陋的事故而受伤或者死亡时，我们很少会看到摄影师们推开正在实施抢救的人而去抓拍这些血腥场面。但是，我们能看到当地报纸和电视台的摄影师很快出现在现场。文中并没有提到在事故现场，新闻摄影师常常会对正在实施抢救的人们造成困扰。故选C。

20． Journalists aren’t supposed to think about whether they are doing the right thing.

A．Right B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

正确答案：A

解析：由文章第四段第二句话“Journalists are taught to separate doing the job from worryingabout the consequence of publishing what they record．”可知，记者们在工作时没有考虑他们的工作会造成什么样的后果，他们被教导工作时要把良知放在办公室，在现场只管拍照。也就是说他们没有想过他们所做的事是否正确。故选A。

21． Editors sometimes have to pay a lot of money for exclusive pictures. A．Right B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

正确答案：B

解析：由文章第六段第二句话“In the first minutes and hours after a disaster occurs，photo agenciesbuy pictures．”和最后一句话“The most keenly sought‘exclusives’command tens of thousands ofdollars through bidding contests．”可知，灾难发生后，照片代理机构会在第一时间购买照片，并且为了享有对这些照片的专有权，甚至不惜花费成千上万美元。这里说的是照片代理机构，而不是照片编辑人员。故选B。

22． Many people say that they are annoyed by the U. S. News pictures. A．Right B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

正确答案：A

解析：由文章最后一段第一句话“Many people believe that journalists need to change the waythey do things，and it’s our pictures that annoy people the most．”可知，很多人觉得记者应该改变他们的工作方式，正是我们的照片给人们造成了严重困扰。故选A。

概括大意与完成句子 (第23-30题，每题1分，共8分)下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23-26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题；(2)第27-30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。

The Storyteller 1 Steven Spielberg has always had one goal: to tell as many interesting stories to as many people as possible. The son of a computer

scientist and a pianist, Spielberg spent his early childhood in New Jersey and then Arizona. Some of his childhood memories became the inspiration for his filmmaking. 2 Even decades later, Spielberg says he has vivid memories of his earliest years, which are the origins of some of his most successful films. He believes that E. T. is the result of the difficult years leading up to his parent s 1966 divorce. He commented, “ It is really about a young boy who was in search of some stability in his life. “ Close Encounters of the Third Kind was inspired by times when the four-year-old Steven and his father would search the skies for meteors(流星). His mother remembers, “ He was scared of just about everything. When trees brushed against the house, he would jump into my bad. And that’ s just the kind of scary stuff he would put in films like Poltergeist. “ 3 Spielberg was 11 when he first got his hands on his dad’ s movie camera and began shooting short flicks(电影)about flying saucers(飞碟)and World War TJ battles. These homemade movies gave him a way to escape his fears. From the very beginning, he had a creative imagination. With his talent for scary storytelling, he could terrify his three younger sisters. It also made it easier for him to make friendships. On Boy Scout camping trips, when night fell, young Steven became the center of attention. “ Steven would start telling his ghost stories, “says Richard Y. Hoffman. Jr. , leader of Troop 294, “and everyone would suddenly get quiet so that they could all hear. “ 4 Spielberg moved to California with his father and went to high school there, but his grades were so bad that he barely graduated. Both UCLA and USC film schools rejected him, so he entered California State University at Long Beach because it was close to Hollywood. Spielberg was determined to make movies, and he managed to get an unpaid, non-credit internship(实习)in Hollywood. Soon he was given a contract, and he dropped out of college. He never looked back. 5 Now, many years later, Spielberg is still telling stories with as much passion as when he was a boy. Ask him where he gets his ideas, and Spielberg will shrug. “The process for me is mostly intuitive, “ he says. “There are films that I feel that I need to make. And it’ s for a variety of reasons, for personal reasons, or because I just want to have fun. Or maybe because the subject matter is cool, and I think that my kids will like it. “A. Getting Into the Movie BusinessB. Inspirations for His MoviesC. An Aim of LifeD. Telling Stories to Make FriendsE. The Trouble of Making MoviesF. A Funny Man

23． Paragraph 1

正确答案：C 解析：文章第一段第一句话是该段的主题句。由主题句“Steven Spielberg has always had onegoal：to tell as many interesting stories to as many people as possible．”可知，Steven Spielberg的目标是尽可能地给更多的人讲述更多有趣的故事。故选C。

24． Paragraph 2

正确答案：B

解析：文章第二段第一句是主题句，该段主要讲Steven Spielberg的一些最成功的电影的灵感来源于他对小时候的记忆。故选B。

25． Paragraph 3

正确答案：D

解析：文章第三段主要讲，Steven Spielberg小时候通过给小伙伴们讲故事，交到了更多的朋友。故选D。

26． Paragraph 4

正确答案：A

解析：文章第四段讲Steven Spielberg因为成绩不好被电影学校拒绝，随后他进入了离好莱坞很近的学校并且在好莱坞获得了实习机会，最后他决定辍学，开始了他的电影之旅。本段主要讲述了他是怎样开始从事电影事业的。故选A。

A. making children laughB. almost everythingC. a lot of moneyD. his childhood memoriesE. telling scary storiesF. a number of reasons

27． Some of Spielberg’ s most successful movies came from______.

正确答案：D 解析：由文章第二段第一句话“Even decades later，Steven Spielberg says he has vivid menlories of hisearliest years，which are the origins of some of his most successful films．”可知，Steven Spielberg所拍摄的一些成功的电影的灵感来自于他对小时候的记忆。故选D。

28． When Spielberg was a boy, he used to be scared of______.

正确答案：B 解析：由文章第二段第五句话“His mother remembers，‘He was scared of just about every-thing．’”可知，Steven Spielberg小时候几乎对所有的东西都感到恐惧。故选B。

29． Spielberg is very good at______.

正确答案：E 解析：由文章第三段第四句和第五句话可知，Steven Spielberg非常善于讲恐怖故事，他的故事能吓到他的三个妹妹，也能因此交到更多朋友。故选E。

30． Spielberg says he makes movies for______.

正确答案：F

解析：由文章最后一段中“There are films that I feel that I need to make．And it’s for a variety ofreasons…”可知，Steven Spielberg制作电影的原因有很多。故选F。

阅读理解 (第31-45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选1个最佳选项。

The National Trust The National Trust in Britain plays an increasingly important part in the preservation for public enjoyment of the best that is left unspoiled of the British countryside. Although the Trust has received practical and moral support from the Government, it is not. a rich government department. It is a voluntary association of people who care for the unspoiled countryside and historic buildings of Britain. It is a charity which depends for its existence on voluntary support from members of the public. Its primary duty is to protect places of great natural beauty and places of historical interest. The attention of the public was first drawn to the dangers threatening the great old houses and castles of Britain by the death of Lord Lothian, who left his great seventeenth-century house to the Trust together with the 4, 500-acre park and estate surrounding it. This gift attracted wide publicity and started the Trust’ s “Country House Scheme”. Under this scheme, with the help of the Government and the general public, the Trust has been able to save and make accessible to the public about 150 of these old houses. Last year, about 1.75 million people paid to visit these historic houses, usually at a very small charge. In addition to country houses and open spaces, the Trust now owns some examples of ancient wind and water mills, nature reserves, 540 farms and nearly 2, 500 cottages or small village houses, as well as some complete villages. In these villages no one is allowed to build, develop or disturb the old village environment in any way and all the houses are maintained in their original 16th century style. Over 4, 000 acres of coastline, woodland, and hill country are protected by the Trust and no development or disturbances of any kind are permitted. The public has free access to these areas and is only asked to respect the peace, beauty and wildlife. Over the past 80 years the Trust has become a big and important organization and an essential and respected part of national life. It helps to preserve all that is of great natural beauty and of historical significance not only for future generations of Britons but also for the millions of tourists who each year invade Britain in search of a great historic and cultural heritage.

31． The National Trust is a______.

A．government agency depending on voluntary service B．non-profit organization depending on voluntary service C．government department but is not rich

D．private organization supported by the government

正确答案：B

解析：由文章第一段第三句和第四句话“It is a voluntary association of people…It is a charity whichdepends for its existence on voluntary support from members of the public．”可知，Trust是英国的一个非盈利性组织……它是一个慈善机构，靠公众自愿支持它才得以生存。故选B。

32． The National Trust is dedicated to______. A．preserving the best public enjoyment

B．providing the public with free access to historic buildings C．offering better services to visitors home and abroad

D．protecting the unspoiled countryside and historic buildings

正确答案：D

解析：由文章第一段第一句、第三句和最后一句话可知，Trust的主要职责是保护英国保存完好的乡村遗迹和具有历史意义的建筑。故选D。

33． We can infer from Paragraph 2 that Lord Lothian______. A．donated all his money to the Trust B．started the” Country House Scheme” C．saved many old country houses in Britain D．was influential in his time

正确答案：D

解析：由文章第二段Lord Lothian去世后，把他名下的17世纪的房子、城堡、公园以及周围的庄园捐献给Trust，此事大大地吸引了公众的注意力，同时使Trust开始实行“乡村房屋计划”，可以推测出Lord Lothian在他所生活的时代具有一定的影响力。故选D。

34． All the following can be inferred from the passage EXCEPT______. A．the Trust is more interested in protecting the 16th century houses B．many people came to visit the historic houses saved by the Trust C．visitors can get free access to some places owned by the Trust D．the Trust has a history which is longer than 80 years

正确答案：A

解析：由文章第二段最后一句话可知选项B说法正确，由文章第三段最后一句话可知选项C说法正确，由文章最后一段第一句话可知选项D说法正确。从文章中无法推断Trust在保护16世纪的房子方面更感兴趣。故选A。

35． The word “invade “in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to______. A．come in without permission B．enter with invitation C．visit in large numbers D．appear all of a sudden

正确答案：C

解析：由文章最后一段中“…but also for the millions of tourists who each year invade Britain insearch of a great historic and cultural heritage．”可知，每年涌人英国的数百万游客能领略到英国的历史和文化传统。“invade”在这里是“涌人”的意思。故选C。

A New Strategy to Overcome Breast Cancer Post-menopausal(绝经后的)women who walk for an hour a day can cut their chance of breast cancer significantly, a study has suggested. The report, which followed 73 , 000 women for 17 years, found walking for at least seven hours a week lowered the risk of the disease. The American Cancer Society team said this was the first time reduced risk was specifically linked to walking. UK experts said it was more evidence that lifestyle influenced cancer risk. A recent poll for the charity Ramblers found a quarter of adults walk for no more than an hour a week, but being active is known to reduce the risk of a number of cancers. This study, published in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, followed 73, 615 women out of 97, 785 aged 50 -74 who had been recruited by the American Cancer Society between 1992 and 1993, so it could monitor the incidence of cancer in the group. They were asked to complete questionnaires on their health and on how much time they were active and participating in activities such as walking, swimming and aerobics(有氧运动)and how much time they spent sitting watching television or reading. They completed the same questionnaires at two-year intervals between 1997 and 2009. Of the women, 47% said walking was their only recreational activity. Those who walked for at least seven hours per week had a 14% lower risk of breast cancer compared to those who walked three or fewer hours per week. Dr. Alpa Patel, a senior epidemiologist at the American Cancer Society in Atlanta, Georgia, who led the study, said, “Given that more than 60% of women report some daily walking, promoting walking as a healthy leisure-time activity, could be an effective strategy for increasing physical activity amongst post-menopausal women. We were pleased to find that without any other recreational activity, just walking one hour a day was associated with a lower risk of breast cancer in these women. “ “More strenuous(紧张的)and longer activities lowered the risk even more. “ Baroness Delyth Morgan, chief executive of Breast Cancer Campaign, said, “ This study adds further evidence that our lifestyle choices can play a part in influencing the risk of breast cancer, and even small changes incorporated into our normal day-to-day activity can make a difference. “ She added, “We know that the best weapon to overcome breast cancer is’the ability to stop it occurring in the first place. The challenge now is how we turn these findings into action and identify other sustainable lifestyle changes that will help us prevent breast cancer. “

36． All of the following factors relating to cancer risk were mentioned in the passage EXCEPT_____

A．breathing exercise B．regular walking C．recreational activity D．lifestyle choices

正确答案：A

解析：由文章第四段中的“We were pleased to find that without any other recreational activity，justwalking one hour a day was associated with a lower risk of breast cancer in these women．”可知，尽管没有其他的娱乐活动，但是女性每天散步一个小时也可以有效地降低乳腺癌的发生率。所以选项B、C说法正确。由文章第五段中的“This study adds further evidence that our lifestyle choices can playa part in influencing the risk of breast cancer…”可知，选项D说法正确。故选A。

37． It can be inferred from Dr. Alpa Patel’s study that______. A．women have fewer chances of physical activity B．daily walking could cut the chance of breast cancer C．leisure-time activity is not associated with cancer risk

D．walking is not recommended for women with breast cancer

正确答案：B

解析：由文章第四段第二句话“We were pleased to find that…was associated with a lower risk ofbreast cancer in these women．”可知，每天散步一小时可以降低乳腺癌发生的几率。故选B。

38． Dr. Alpa Patel was______.

A．chief editor of Cancer Epidemiology B．chair of the American Cancer Society C．head of the survey study

D．chief executive of Breast Cancer Campaign

正确答案：C

解析：由文章第四段第一句话“Dr．Alpa Patel，a senior epidemiologist at the American CancerSociety in Atlanta，Georgia，who led the study…”可知，Dr．Alpa Patel领导组织了这项研究。故选C。

39． Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A．Most women take walking as their only recreational activity.

B．Walking was the only recreational activity for about half of the women surveyed.

C．The study aims to track the health conditions of its subjects.

D．Irregular walking increased the risk of breast cancer in post-menopausal women.

正确答案：B

解析：由文章第三段第三句话“Of the women，47％ said walking was their only recreational activity．”可知，在这些参与研究的女性中，有将近一半的人都只有一项娱乐活动——散步。故选B。

40． The word “sustainable”in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to______. A．affordable B．available C．persistent D．continuable

正确答案：D

解析：由文章最后一段最后一句话“The challenge now is how we turn these findings into actionand identify other sustainable lifestyle changes that will help us prevent breast cancer．”可知，现在我们面临的挑战是怎样把调查结果转变为实际行动，以及如何识别其他一可持续的生活方式的改变是否可以有效地防止乳腺癌的发生。“sustainable”意思为“可持续的，合理利用的”，与continuable(可持续的)意思相近。故选D。affordable负担得起的；available可利用的；persistent持续的，反复出现的。

How We Form First Impression We all have first impression of someone we just met. But why? Why do we form an opinion about someone without really knowing anything about him or her—aside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits? The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits. Even very minor difference in how a person’ s eyes, ears, nose, or mouth are placed in relation to each other makes you see him or her as different. In fact, your brain continuously processes incoming sensory information—the sights and sounds of your world. These incoming signals are compared against a host of “memories “stored in the brain areas called the cortex(皮质)system to determine what these new signals “mean”. If you see someone you know and like at school, your brain says “ familiar and safe”. If you see someone new it says, “new and potentially threatening”. Then your brain starts to match features of this stranger with other ““known”memories. The height, weight, dress, ethnicity, gestures, and tone of voice are all matched up. The more unfamiliar the characteristics are, the more your brain may say, “This is new, I don’t like this person”. Or else, “!’ m intrigued(好奇的)”. Or your brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes, ethnicity, gestures—like your other friends; so your brain says, “I like this person”. But these preliminary “impressions”can be dead wrong. When we stereotype people, we use a less mature form of thinking(not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child)that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather than learn about the depth and breadth of people—their history, interest values, strengths, and true character—we categorize them as jocks(骗子), peeks(反常的人), or freaks(怪人). However, if we resist initial stereotypical impressions, we have a chance to be aware of what a person is

truly like. If we spend time with a person, hear about his or her life, hopes, dreams, and become aware of the person’ s character, we use a different, more mature style of thinking—and the most complex areas of our cortex, which allow us to be humane.

41． Our first impression of someone new is influenced by his or her______. A．past experience B．character C．facial features D．hobbies

正确答案：C 解析：由文章第二段第二句和第三句话“Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits．Even very minor difference in…makes you see him or her as different．”可知，大脑对面部特征十分敏感，即使是每个人在眼睛、耳朵或嘴部的细小差异也会使大脑察觉到其不同之处。由此可推测出，面部特征是我们对陌生人第一印象的重要影响因素.故选C。

42． If you meet a stranger with familiar gestures, your brain is most likely to say______

A．He is familiar and safe.

B．He is new and potentially threatening. C．I like this person.

D．This is new. I don’t like this person.

正确答案：C 解析：由文章第三段倒数第二句话“Or your brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes…so your brain says，‘I like this person’。”可知，当我们见到一个陌生人，但是他／她的服饰、手势、民族特征等和我们的朋友相似时，我们的大脑就会产生一种“我喜欢他／她”的信号。故选C。

43． The word “preliminary” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to______. A．simplistic B．stereotypical C．initial

D．categorical

正确答案：C

解析：由文章第三段最后一句话“But these preliminary‘impressions’can be dead wrong．”可知，我们对别人的最初印象可能是完全错误的。“preliminary”意思为“初步的，开始的”，与initial(最初的，开始的)意思相近。故选C。simplistic过分简单的；stereotypical模式化的；categorical明确的，绝对的。

44． Our thinking is not mature enough when we stereotype people

because______.

A．we neglect their depth and breadth B．they are not all jocks, peeks, or freaks

C．our thinking is similar to that of a very young child D．our judgment is always wrong

正确答案：A

解析：由文章第四段中“When we stereotype people…Rather than learn about the depth andbreadth of people”可知，当我们对一个人形成模式化的印象之后，我们会用一种不成熟的思维方式米看待他，却没有去了解他思想上和人格上的深度和广度。故选A。

45． Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?

A．One’ s physical appearance can influence our first impression. B．Our first impression is influenced by the sensitivity of our brain. C．Stereotypical impressions can be dead wrong.

D．We should adopt mature thinking wrhen getting to know people.

正确答案：B 解析：文章第一段提出了“为什么我们在还没有真正了解一个人时就已经形成了对他的第一印象?”这个问题；文章第二段前两句说这与大脑如何感知世界是息息相关的，大脑对面部特征十分敏感；文章第二、三和四段进一步论述了这一问题；文章最后一段讲如果我们拒绝模式化的第一印象，那么我们就会用更成熟的思维来了解一个人。由此可看出本文主要讲的是大脑对面部特征的敏锐感知使我们形成了对别人的第一印象。故选B。

补全短文 (第46-50，每题2分，共10分)下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

Wrongly Convicted Man and His Accuser Tell Their Story NEW YORK, NY, January 5, 2010. St. Martin’ s Press has announced the release of the paperback edition of Picking Cotton, a remarkable true story of what novelist John Grisham calls an “ account of violence, rage, redemption(救赎), and ultimately forgiveness. “ The story began in 1987, in Burlington, North Carolina, with the rape of a young while college student named Jennifer Thompson. During her ordeal, Thompson swore to herself that she would never forget the face of her rapist, a man who climbed through the window of her apartment and assaulted her brutally. 【B1】______When the police asked her if she could identify the assailant(袭击者)from a book of mug shots, she picked one that she was sure was correct, and later she identified the same man in a lineup. Based on her convincing eyewitness testimony, a 22-year-old black man named Ronald Cotton was sentenced to prison for two life terms. Cotton’ s lawyer appealed the decision, and by the time of the appeals hearing, evidence had

come to light suggesting that the real rapist might have been a man who looked very like Cotton, an imprisoned criminal named Bobby Poole. 【B2】______Jennifer Thompson looked at both men face to face, and once again said that Ronald Cotton was the one who raped her. Eleven years later, DNA evidence completely exonerated(证明......清白)Cotton and just as unequivocally (明确地)convicted Poole, who confessed to the crime.【B3】______”The man I was so sure I had never seen in my life was the man who was inches from my throat, who raped me, who hurt me, who took my spirit away, who robbed me of my soul, “ she wrote. “And the man I had identified so surely on so many occasions was absolutely innocent. “ 【B4】______Remarkably both were able to put this tragedy behind them, overcome the racial barrier that divided them, and write a book, which they have subtitled “Our memoir of injustice and redemption”. Nevertheless, Thompson says, she still lives “with constant pain that my profound mistake cost him so dearly, 【B5】______”A. Jennifer Thompson decided to meet Cotton and apologize to him personally.B. Many criminals are sent to prison on the basis of accurate testimony by eyewitnesses.C. I cannot begin to imagine what would have happened had my mistaken identification occurred in a capital case.D. Another trial was held.E. Thompson was shocked and devastated.F. During the attack, she made an effort to memorize every detail of his face, looking for scars, tattoos(纹身), or other identifying marks.

46． 【B1】

正确答案：F

解析：文章第二段最后一句话说，当警察让Jennifer Thompson从犯罪嫌疑人面部照片相册中指认伤害她的人时，她选出了一个人，并且认定这个人就是伤害她的那个，可推测出，她在遭受伤害时曾经见过嫌疑犯的脸并且看到过他身上的某些标志。故选F。

47． 【B2】

正确答案：D

解析：文章第三段前两句说，Ronald Cotton被判刑之后，又有证据显示另一个与他长相十分相似的人可能是真正的犯罪嫌疑人，而最后一句说，Jennifer Thompson又从这两个人中辨认，并且确定Ronald Cotton就是伤害她的那个人。联系上下文可以推测出，法院又对此案件进行了审理。故选D。

48． 【B3】

正确答案：E 解析：文章第四段第一句话说，十一年后，DNA证据彻底证明Ronald Cotton是清白的，并且另一个犯罪嫌疑人坦白了他的这一罪行，可以推测出Jennifer Thompson听到这个消息后一定是非常震惊的，并且说出了后面的话。故选E。

49． 【B4】

正确答案：A 解析：文章第五段说，他们两个人都能将此事抛诸脑后，并且克服种族障碍，写了一本书来记录这件事。联系上下文可推测出，此处应该是两人见了面，Jennifer Thompson向Ronald Cotton道歉，并得到了原谅。故选A。

50． 【B5】

正确答案：C

解析：文章最后一段说，Jennifer Thompson仍然带着对Ronald Cotton的愧疚生活着。联系上下文可以推测出，这一句话应该和她的愧疚与不安有关.故选C。

完形填空 (第51-65题，每题1分，共15分)下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

Obesity(肥胖)Causes Global Warming The list of ills attributable to obesity keeps growing: Last week, obese people were accused of causing global warming. This【C1】______comes from Sheldon Jacobson of the University, of Illinois, US, and a doctoral student, Laura McLay. Their study【C2】______how much extra gasoline is needed to haul fat Americans around. The answer, they say, is a billion gallons of gas per year. It【C3】______an extra 11 million tons of carbon dioxide. There have been【C4】______for taxes on junk food in recent years. US economist Martin Schmidt suggests a tax on fast food【C5】______to people ‘ s cars. “ We tax cigarettes partly because of their health cost, “ Schmidt said. “Similarly, leading a lazy lifestyle will end【C6】______costing taxpayers more. US political scientist Eric Oliver said his first instinct was to laugh at these gas and fast food arguments. But such【C7】______are getting attention. At the US Obesity Society’ s annual meeting, one person【C8】______obesity with car accident deaths, and another correlated obesity with suicides. No one asked whether there was really a cause-and-effect relationship. “The funny thing was that everyone took it【C9】______, “ Oliver said. In a 1960s study, children were【C10】______drawings of children with disabilities and without them , and a drawing of an obese child. They were asked【C11】______they would want for a friend? The obese child was picked last. Three researchers recently repeated the study【C12】______college students. Once again, 【C13】______ no one, not even obese people, liked the obese person. But, researchers say, getting【C14】______is not like quitting smoking. People struggle to stop smoking, and, in the end, many succeed. Obesity is different. Science has shown that they have limited personal control over their weight. Genes also【C15】______a part.

51． 【C1】

A．study B．project C．experiment D．conclusion

正确答案：D

解析：study(对某一课题或问题的)研究；project项目；experiment实验；conclusion结论。根据第二段第二句话中“Their study…”可知，第一段是该项研究得出的结论。D项符合语境。

52． 【C2】 A．doubts B．reports C．calculates D．reviews

正确答案：C

解析：doubt怀疑；report报告；calculate计算，核算；review回顾，检讨。这句话说，他们的研究计算了肥胖的美国人乘车所耗费的多余的汽油。C项符合语境。

53． 【C3】 A．turns B．means C．says D．costs

正确答案：B

解析：turn转变；mean意味着；say表明，认定；cost花费。联系上下文，每年肥胖的美国人乘车需要多消耗10亿加仑气体，这意味着1100多万吨的二氧化碳。B项符合语境。

54． 【C4】 A．calls B．cries C．sounds D．noises

正确答案：A

解析：call号召；cry哭喊，口号；sound声音；noise噪音。这句话说，近几年，一直有人号召对垃圾食品进行征税。A项符合语境。

55． 【C5】 A．delivered

B．paid C．spent D．collected

正确答案：A

解析：deliver运送；pay付钱；spend花费；collect收集。这句活说，美国经济学家MartinSchmidt建议对送到车上的快餐征税。A项符合语境。

56． 【C6】 A．up B．in C．with D．by

正确答案：A

解析：end up doing sth．为固定搭配，意思是“结果为……(尤指意料之外)”。这句话说，过一种懒散的生活会导致纳税人付更多的钱。A项符合语境。

57． 【C7】 A．answers B．talks C．claims D．laughs

正确答案：C

解析：answer答案；talk讨论；claim声明，主张；laugh嘲笑。这句话说，这样的主张正在引起人们的关注. C项符合语境。

58． 【C8】 A．mixed B．correlated C．contacted D．involved

正确答案：B

解析：correlate(使)相互关联；mix(使)混合；contact接触；involve涉及.这句话说，有人把肥胖和由交通事故引起的死亡联系起来，也有人把肥胖和自杀联系起来。后半句中用的是“correlate…with…”，与前半句是并列关系，B项符合语境。

59． 【C9】 A．seriously B．well C．hard

D．greatly

正确答案：A

解析：seriously认真地，严肃地；well很好地；hard艰难地；greatly非常，很。这句话说，有趣的是人们竟然把这种观点当真了。A项符合语境。

60． 【C10】 A．bought B．captured C．shown D．made

正确答案：C

解析：bring带来；capture记录下；show展示；make制作。这句话说，在20世纪60年代的一项研究中，孩子们按要求从展示的残疾孩子、健康孩子和肥胖的孩子的照片中，选出他们愿意和谁交朋友. C项符合语境。

61． 【C11】 A．what B．where C．why D．which

正确答案：D

解析：考查which的用法。从几个中选出一个，用which。这句话说，孩子们被问到愿意和哪个孩子做朋友。D项符合语境。what什么；where哪里；why为什么.

62． 【C12】 A．seeing B．helping C．using D．surveying

正确答案：C

解析：see看；help帮助；use用；survey研究。这句话说，最近，这些研究者以大学生为研究对象重复了他们的实验。C项符合语境。

63． 【C13】 A．about B．as C．almost D．like

正确答案：C

解析：这句话说，再一次，几乎没有一个人，即使是肥胖的人自己电不喜欢和肥胖的人交朋友。almost意思是“几乎”，因此C项符合语境.

64． 【C14】 A．critical B．tall C．thin

D．confident

正确答案：C

解析：根据下文意思，这句话说，研究表明，减肥和戒烟有很多不同之处。C项符合语境.

65． 【C15】 A．decide B．play C．produce D．use

正确答案：B

解析：play a part为固定搭配，意思是“在某事中起作用”。联系上下文，科学表明，肥胖的人几乎是无法控制自己的体重的，因为基因也发挥着一定的作用。B项符合语境。