定语从句的详细讲解

一、定语从句的概念

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，先行词通常位于定语从句之前，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。

二、定语从句的关系词

引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that， which， who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where， when， why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。

代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 The old man who is wearing a pair of glasses is my good friend . 1）who, whom, that

这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）

2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, Whose=of whom/of…which 人和物的 定语

1

例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。

Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书 3）which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾

语等，例如：

A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语） 提醒：口语中，作动词宾语或介词宾语的关系代词常可以省略。 Have you found the book (that) you want ? This is the man (whom) we have talked about .

This is the man about whom we have talked .（这时的关系代词不能省略） 三、定语从句的分类

根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为性定语从句及非性定语从句。一般地说，性定语从句用来先行词的意义，与先行词关系密切，是整个句子不可缺少的一部分，否则会造成全句意义不明确。性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，与先行词之间存在一种松散的修饰关系，去掉后一般不会影响句子的主要意义，如省去，意思仍完整。

四、关系代词的用法

1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：

Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语） The coat （that） I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语）

2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如： The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）

The film （which） we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）

3.who， whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom， 也可省略。例如：

The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语）

Who is the teacher （whom） Li Ming is talking to？ 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（作宾语）

注意：（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who， that， which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：

This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。 Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。

（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如： This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。

（3）that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：

The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。 （4）关系词只能用that的情况：

a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。 b.被修饰的先行词为all， any， much， many， everything， anything， none， the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？ 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？

c.先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。

d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that， 而不用which.例如：

I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。

e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如： Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？

f.主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如： There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。 （5）关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况：

a.先行词为that， those时，用which， 而不用that.例如：

What’s that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？ b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.例如： This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。 c.引导非性定语从句，用which， 而不用that.例如：

Tom came back， which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。 五、关系副词的用法

2

关系副词可代替的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。关系副词when where why 的含义相当于“介词+ which ” 结构，因此常常和

“介词+ which ” 结构交替使用。

When=at/in/on/during…which 时间 时间状语 Where=at/in/to…which 地点 地点状语 Why=for which 原因 原因状语

注意：1.关系词所做的成分关键是由从句中的动词来决定 This is the place where we work.(vi) This is the place which we visited.(vt)

2.当先行词为时间名词（如time, day, year, week, month, occasion…） 用关系副词when,但关系副词只能做状语，如果从句中缺主语或宾语则要用that。当先行词为地点名词（如：place ,room, city, country, situation, case, scene…）时，用关系副词where, 但此时只能做地点状语，如果定语从句缺主语或宾语就要用that 。

Beijing is the place where / in which I was born . Is this the person why / for which he refused our offer?

（1）when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如： This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。

（2）where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如： This is the place where he works.这是他工作的地点。

（3）why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：

Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。

六、定语从句解题技巧：（三步） I．找出连接词 （引导词）

A

3

II．找出主句----分析主句成分----确定从句类型

III、立即将先行词直接带入从句---分析从句成分---分析先行词在从句中的成分 语法专练习题

一、用适当的关系词填空

1、This is the school __ I used to study .

2. I’ll never forget the day __ we met each other last week. 3. I live in Beijing ,__ is the capital of China.

4. The man __ our teacher is talking with is very tall. 5. This is the house in __ Lu Xun lived .

6. This is the professor ______taught me chemistry in 1980. 7. The hospital ______was built five years ago has been modernized.

8．This is the boy ______father died three years ago .

9. The film ______we saw the day before yesterday is very

interesting .

10．Do you know the student ______was praised at the meeting ？ 二、单项选择

1．The man ______is speaking is my brother .

A who B whom C what

2. A chemist’s shop is a shop _____sells medicine .

A who B which C whose

3. Is this the doctor _____you talked about yesterday ?

A whom B which C when D what

4.Please pass me the box _____cover is red . who B which C whose D that

5.I’ll never forget the day _____I joined the army . A when B where C that D which

6.The first English book _____I read was “The prince ”by Mark Twain .

A which B that C who D when

7.Who is the person_____ is standing at the gate ? A who B whom C that D which 8.This is the most interesting book A Which B What C Who D That

9.We depend on the land from ___ we get our food . A which B that C who D where 10. Shanghai is the place ___ I was born . A which B that C when D where 11.Do you know the man ____ ?

A whom I spoke B to who spoke C I spoke to D that I spoke 12.This is the hotel ___ last month .

A which they stayed C where they stayed at B at that they stayed D where they stayed 13.This is the day __ I’ve never forgotten . A which B on which C in which D when

14.The factory __ we’ll visit nest week is not far from here . A where B to which C which D in which

15.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory__ we are working .

A where B that C which D there

16.Can you lend me the book ___ the other day ? A about which you talked B which you talked C about that you talked D that you talked 17.The pen ___ he is writing is mine.

A with which B in which C on which D by which 18.The engineer __ my father works is about 50 years old . A to whom B on whom C with whom D with which 19.Do you kow the man ___ is talking with your father ? A he B who C which D whom 20. Is this the river __ I can swim ? A which B in which C that D the one 21.This is the best hotel in the city __ I know A where B which C that D it

22. This is the film __ you talked last night

A that B i which C about that D about which 23.My father and his teacher talked a lot about the things and persons ____

A that B which C who D whose

24.I like the garden . The garden is full of beautiful flowers （改为定语从句）

I like the garden ______ _____ full of beautiful flowers . 25.I know the girl named Lucy （改为定语从句） I know the girl ____ ____ _____ Lucy

4