高一英语阅读理解强化训练附解析Day 203

高一英语阅读理解强化训练附解析Day 203

Passage 1

We all know that zebra have strips(条纹). But why? It's hard to get a black-and-white answer. This is a question not just common people like us have asked, but scientists too.

Several studies have been done to find out the reason behind the stripes and many theories have been suggested. According to a recent study, the type of stripes changes depending on the temperature where zebras live. The warmer the place is, the more stripes they may have. From this study, scientists believe that stripes may help to keep a zebra cool in warmer places.

According to the cooler temperature theory, when air hits a zebra, the movements of air are stronger and faster over the black parts and slower over the white. This is because black color takes in more heat than white. So at the point where the black and white meet, there is cooling airflow. It can quickly cool a zebra's skin! In fact, scientists have noticed that heavily striped zebras have 5. 4℉ lower skin temperature than other animals without stripes in the same area.

Some scientists believe that stripes may be an adaptation by zebras to defend themselves from the horseflies that follow zebras. The cooler temperature theory holds merit here too, since disease-carrying flies like horseflies like it hot, Flies also don't like landing on striped surfaces.

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There also have been many other theories that have been suggested for why zebras have stripes. Some explanations are very common. One of them is that stripes may help zebras hide in grass especially from lions. Lions are color blind and even if they are not far away they may see stripes as grey and be confused by them. What's more, zebras are a large group of animals living together. When a number of zebra stand or move together, stripes may confuse lions into thinking it is one large animal.

1. Stripes are helpful for zebras to________ .

A. stay cool

B. move together

C. live in cold places

D. fight against diseases

2. How do zebras' stripes protect them from lions?

A. Lions may be frightened away by strips

B. Lions may see stripes as many animals

C. Stripes can prevent zebras from being seen

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D. Stripes may make lions confused

3. The underlined words \"Holds merit\" on paragraph 4 probably mean \"________ \".

A. works well

B. sounds unreasonable

C. causes disagreement

D. needs supporting facts

4. What is the passage mainly about?

A. Why lions can't eat zebra

B. How horseflies keep away from zebras

C. Why zebras have strips

D. How stripes keep a zebra cool

Passage 2

We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-produced by

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unskilled labor. Because of this, most people think that craft（工艺, 手艺） no longer exists.

One of the ways these people wrongly support their view is by pointing to 100-year-old homes which are still solid, and arguing that it is the craftsmanship that is responsible for their durability(牢圈). \"Homes in those days were well-built, \" they say No doubt these homes were well-built, but what these people have done is to mix up the quality of material used in the house with the quality of the craftsmanship.

Homes today could be built to last just as long as those old homes if people were willing or able to pay the price. For example, most people can no longer afford solid oak (橡树) stairways, although they were once fairly common in older homes. Nor can they afford the high labor cost of employing a carpenter to build the stairway. Yet if someone can pay the high cost, there are still plenty of carpenters around able to make those stairways. And not only would these carpenters know how to build them, they would probably do a better job than carpenters of old.

One thing the modern carpenter has which enables him to do a better job is much more advanced tools. Such tools as laser beams and power planes help them lay out a house better and make more precision cuts on the wood. Also, it is not uncommon say more to find carpenters with college degrees and carpenters with a solid knowledge of mathematics, which would enable them to deal with more difficult house designs.

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The problem of modern quality, then, really boils down to the problem of material, for the modern carpenter is just as able to produce craftsmanship as the carpenter of fifty years ago, but only if given proper material.

1. Compared to the carpenters in the past, modern carpenters are

A. more successful

B. more learned

C. more imaginative

D. more hardworking

2. What does the underlined work \"they\" (paragraph 2) refer to?

A. Carpenters who are fond of oak stairways.

B. Carpenters who have college degrees.

C. People who think highly of carpenters of old

D. Popole who think that modern material is of low quality

3. What does the third paragraph mainly discus?

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A. People in the past preferred to use oak to build stairways

B. It is now expensive to employ a carpenter.

C. Modern houses lasts long the old cones.

D. Good carpenters still exist in modern times.

4. The underlined phrase \"boils down to\" can be replaced by

A. reduces by boiling

B. makes shorter

C. results in

D. lies in

5. What would be the best title for the text?

A. Is Craft Dead?

B. Craft, Back to Life?

C. History of Craftsmanship

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D. Carpenter Today and Yesterday

Passage 3

The days of staring attentively at the computer screen pretending to be interested in an assignment even though you are bored out of your mind may soon be coming to an end. That's because if Dr. Harry Witchel has his way, computers of the future will be able to detect (察觉) boredom and even react to it real-time.

But before you get concerned, the machine is not reading your mind. It is just keeping track of the constant involuntary movements that people exhibit when in front of a computer or even a television. These are not the bigger instrumental actions like moving a mouse or using the remote, but subtle barely noticeable movements like scratching or stretching. Witchel says the level of movement is directly relative to how absorbed the person is in what he/she is reading or watching—the higher the interest level, the lesser the movement!

To test the theory Witchel and his team invited 27 people and exposed them to a variety of digital content for three minutes at a time. The activities ranged from playing online games to reading documents like the EU banking regulations that most people would find boring. A video motion tracker monitored their movements as they powered through each assignment. Just as the researchers had suspected, the involuntary actions decreased surprisingly, by as much as 42%, when the subjects were totally absorbed in what they were reading or seeing.

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Fortunately, the scientists are not planning to use the findings that were published in the online Journal to create machines that report students who are not focusing at school. Instead, they believe that combining the motion detecting technology into future computers will help enhance (加强) the digital learning experience.

The scientists say that being able to measure the student's interest level, will enable educators to adjust the materials real-time and re-engage the student. Witchel also believes that the technology can provide filmmakers with honest audience opinions and in the future, also be used in developing more understanding companion robots.

1. Dr. Harry Witchel wants future computers to have the competence to ________ .

A. sense when users feel tired and less absorbed.

B. record how long people surf on the Internet.

C. help educators to prepare teaching materials.

D. read the people's mind in front of a computer.

2. What can we infer from the text? ________

A. The machine will be used to detect whether the students are focusing at

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school.

B. Subjects will make fewer unconscious movements if they are concentrated.

C. Future computers are intended to cure adolescents of their network addiction.

D. Most people think banking documents boring because they are of little value.

3. What may be the best title for the text? ________

A. Being Exposed to Computers All Day Long Makes You Bored.

B. Scientists are Developing a More Advanced Computer Now.

C. Computers of the Future May be Able to Detect Boredom.

D. The Future Machine is Helpful to Teachers And Students.

Passage 4

Escaping predators (食肉动物), digestion and other animal activities—including those of humans—require oxygen. But that essential ingredient is no longer so easy for marine life to obtain, several new studies reveal.

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In the past decade ocean oxygen levels have taken a dive—an alarming trend that is linked to climate change, says Andreas Oschlies, an oceanographer at the Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research in Germany, whose team tracks ocean oxygen levels worldwide. “We were surprised by the intensity of the changes we saw, how rapidly oxygen is going down in the ocean and how large the effects on marine ecosystems are,” he says. It is no surprise to scientists that warming oceans are losing oxygen, but the scale of the drop calls for urgent attention. Oxygen levels in some tropical (热带的) regions have dropped by an astonishing 40 percent in the last 50 years, some recent studies reveal. Levels have dropped less significantly elsewhere, with an average loss of 2 percent globally.

A warming ocean loses oxygen for two reasons: First, the warmer a liquid becomes, the less gas it can hold. That is why carbonated drinks go flat faster when left in the sun. Second, as polar sea ice melts, it forms a layer of water above colder, more salty sea waters. This process creates a sort of lid that can keep currents from mixing surface water down to deeper depths. And because all oxygen enters the surface, less mixing means less of it at depth.

Ocean animals large and small, however, respond to even slight changes in oxygen by seeking refuge in higher oxygen zones or by adjusting behavior, Oschlies and others in his field have found. These adjustments can expose animals to new predators or force them into food-scarce regions. Climate change already poses serious problems for marine life, such as ocean acidification, but deoxygenation is the most pressing issue facing sea animals today, Oschlies says. After all, he says, “they all have to breathe.”

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Aside from food web problems, animals face various other physiological challenges as their bodies adjust to lower oxygen levels. Chinese shrimp (虾) move their tails less vigorously to preserve energy in lower oxygen environments. Some creatures, such as jellyfishes, are more tolerant of low oxygen than others are. But all animals will feel the impact of deoxygenation because they all have evolved their oxygen capacity for a reason, says Oschlies. “Any drop in oxygen is going to damage survivability and performance,” he says.

1. According to the first two paragraphs, what worries scientists the most?

A. The worsening deoxygenation in the warming ocean.

B. The survival of predators and various marine animals.

C. The alarmingly changeable oxygen levels in the ocean.

D. The lack of attention to the warming of tropical oceans.

2. Which of the following is a reason for the oxygen loss in the ocean?

A. Polar ice melting consumes much oxygen in the ocean.

B. Global warming reduces the amount of oxygen in the air.

C. The surface polar ice water prevents oxygen going down.

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D. Salty water holds less gas in the increasingly warmer ocean.

3. What can be inferred from the passage?

A. Ocean deoxygenation changes some animals’ natural territories.

B. Ocean acidification is more serious a problem than deoxygenation.

C. Not all ocean animals are bothered by the decreasing oxygen levels.

D. Some animals reduce their movements in order to absorb more oxygen.

4. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

A. The Oxygen Levels of Marine Life

B. Ocean Warming Affects Food Web

C. The Survivability of Ocean Animals

D. The Ocean Is Running Out of Breath

Passage 5

For some people,music is no fun at all. About four percent of the population is what scientists call “amusic.” People who are amusic are born without the ability

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to recognize or reproduce musical notes(音调). Amusic people often cannot tell the difference between two songs. Amusics can only hear the difference between two notes if they are very far apart on the musical scale.

As a result, songs sound like noise to an amusic. Many amusics compare the sound of music to pieces of metal hitting each other. Life can be hard for amusics. Their inability to enjoy music sets them apart from others. It can be difficult for other people to identify with their condition. In fact, most people cannot begin to grasp what it feels like to be amusic. Just going to a restaurant or a shopping mall can be uncomfortable or even painful. That is why many amusics intentionally stay away from places where there is music. However, this can result in withdrawal and social isolation. “I used to hate parties,” says Margaret,a seventy-year-old woman who only recently discovered that she was amusic. By studying people like Margaret, scientists are finally learning how to identify this unusual condition.

Scientists say that the brains of amusics are different from the brains of people who can appreciate music. The difference is complex, and it doesn't involve defective hearing. Amusics can understand other nonmusical sounds well. They also have no problems understanding ordinary speech. Scientists compare amusics to people who just can't see. certain colors.

Many amusics are happy when their condition is finally diagnosed(诊断). For years, Margaret felt embarrassed about her problem with music. Now she knows that she is not alone. There is a name for her condition. That makes it easier for her to explain. “When people invite me to a concert, I just say,” No thanks, I'm

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amusic,'“says Margaret. “I just wish I had learned to say that when I was seventeen and not seventy.”

1. Which of the following is true of amusic?

A. Listening to music is far from enjoyable for them.

B. They love places where they are likely to hear music.

C. They can easily tell two different songs apart.

D. Their situation is well understood by musicians.

2. According to Paragraph 3, a person with “defective hearing” is probably one who ___________.

A. dislikes listening to speeches

B. can hear anything nonmusical

C. has a hearing problem

D. lacks a complex hearing system

3. In the last paragraph, Margaret expressed her wish that __________.

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A. her problem with music had been diagnosed earlier

B. she were seventeen years old rather than seventy

C. her problem could be easily explained

D. she were able to meet other amusics

4. What is the passage mainly concerned with?

A. Amusics' strange behaviours.

B. Some people's inability to enjoy music.

C. Musical talent and brain structure.

D. Identification and treatment of amusics.

参

Passage 1

1. A细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句From this study, scientists believe that stripes may help to keep a zebra cool in warmer places. 可知, 通过研究, 科学家发现斑马的条纹可以有助它们在较暖的地方保持凉爽。故选A。

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2. D细节理解题。根据文章最后一句When a number of zebra stand or move together, stripes may confuse lions into thinking it is one large animal. 可知, 很多斑马站在一起或一起移动时, 它们的条纹可以迷惑狮子, 让狮子误以为斑马是一个大型动物, 所以斑马身上的条纹可以使狮子迷惑。故选D。

3. A词义猜测题。根据第四段中Some scientists believe that …..since disease-carrying flies like horseflies like it hot可知, 科学家相信斑马条纹可以使其保持凉爽, 对它们避免遭受马蝇的袭扰有帮助, 这点可以通过马蝇喜欢热能够推理得到, 所以画线词是指\"这个理论适用于……\"。故选A。

4. C主旨大意题。根据文章开头We all know that zebra have strips (条纹). But why?以及全文内容可知, 本文主要讲述科学家对斑马有条纹的原因的研究。故选C。 Passage 2

1. B细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中Also, it is not uncommon say more to find carpenters with college degrees and carpenters with a solid knowledge of mathematics, which would enable them to deal with more difficult house designs. (此外，有大学学历的木匠和有扎实数学知识的木匠也很常见，这样他们就能处理更复杂的房屋设计。)可知，与过去的木匠相比，现代的木匠更有学问。故选B。

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2. C词义猜测题。根据上文One of the ways these people wrongly support their view is by pointing to 100-year-old homes which are still solid, and arguing that it is the craftsmanship that is responsible for their durability. (这些人错误地支持自己观点的方式之一是，他们指出有100年历史的老房子依然坚固，并辩称正是这些房子的做工决定了它们的耐用性。)以及Homes in those days were well-built(那时候的房子建得很好)可推知，they此处是指上文中那些高度评价古代木匠的人，他们认为过去的房子建造得很好。故they指代\"高度评价古代木匠的人\故选C。 3. D段落大意题。根据第三段中Yet if someone can pay the high

cost, …..than carpenters of old. （然而，如果有人能够支付高昂的成本，仍然有大量的木匠能够制造这些楼梯。这些木匠不仅知道如何建造它们，他们可能会做得更好。比以前的木匠还好。）可知，本段主要说明好的木工在现代依旧存在。故选D。

4. D词义猜测题。结合下文for the modern carpenter is just as able to produce craftsmanship as the carpenter of fifty years ago, but only if given proper material. 可知，现代木匠和五十年前的木匠一样有能力生产工艺，但前提是要有合适的材料。即现代质量的问题，实际上在于材料的问题。故划线短语意思为\"在于\"。故选D。

5. A主旨大意题。根据第一段中We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-produced by unskilled labor. Because of this,

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most people think that craft no longer exists. (我们生活在一个技术社会，大多数商品都是由非熟练工量生产的。正因为如此，大多数人认为工艺已经不存在了。)以及文章主要内容为主要讲了现代与古代的木工及他们的建筑。所以短文的最佳标题为\"木工工艺消失了吗\"。故选A。 Passage 3

1. A细节理解题。定位到第一段：Harry Witchel has his way, computers of the future will be able to detect(察觉) boredom and even react to it real-time. 由关键词所在句子可知，Dr. Harry Witchel希望未来的电脑将能够探测到无聊感，甚至做出实时反应。A选项\"感知使用者何时感到厌烦，注意力不再那么集中\"符合该意。故答案为A。

2. B推理判断题。1第三段\"Just as the researchers had suspected, the involuntary actions decreased surprisingly, by as much as 42%, when the subjects were totally absorbed in what they were reading or seeing. \"是相关内容。根据相关原文可知，正如研究人员所猜测的那样，当受试者完全沉浸在他们所读或所看的内容中时，无意识行为出人意料地减少了42%。B选项\"如果受试者集中注意力，他们的无意识动作就会减少\"符合该意。故答案为B。

3. C最佳标题题。文章介绍了一种未来的计算机，这种计算机可以记录人们在电脑甚至电视前所表现出的持续的无意识的运动，探测出人们何时感到厌烦，注意

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力减退，甚至还可以做出实时反应。C选项\"未来的电脑也许能探测到无聊\"为短文最佳标题。故选C。 Passage 4

1. A细节理解题。由第二段“It is no surprise to scientists that …..with an average loss of 2 percent globally.”可知, 对于科学家来说, 变暖的海洋正在失去氧气并不奇怪, 但这种下降的规模需要紧急关注。一些最近的研究表明, 在过去的50年里, 一些热带地区的氧气含量下降了惊人的40%。其他地区的降幅较小, 全球平均降幅为2%。所以根据前两段, 科学家最担心的是变暖的海洋中日益恶化的脱氧现象。故A选项正确。

2. C细节理解题。由第三段“ as polar sea ice melts, ……less mixing means less of it at depth.”可知, 当极地海冰融化时, 它会在更冷、更咸的海水上形成一层水。这个过程会形成一种冰盖, 它可以防止水流将地表水混合到海洋更深的深度。因为所有的氧气都进入了表面, 所以较少的与海洋水的混合意味着更深的海洋含氧量更少。所以表面的极地冰水阻止氧气下沉是海洋缺氧的原因之一。故C选项正确。

3. A推理判断题。由倒数第二段“Ocean animals large and small, …… or force them into food-scarce regions.”可知, 然而, Oschlies和他所在领域的其他人发现, 无论大小, 海洋动物对氧气的微小变化都有反应, 它们在较高的含氧区寻求庇护, 或是调整行为。这些调整可能使动物暴露在新的掠食者面前, 或迫使它们进入食物匮乏的地区。所以海洋中氧含量减少迫使动物离开自己的栖息地, 去氧气含量较高的地区寻求庇护。故判断出海洋脱氧改变了一些动物的自然领地。故A选项正确。

4. D主旨大意题。通读全文可知, 短文说明了海洋氧含量下降是一个与气候变化有关

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的令人担忧的趋势, 海洋氧含量下降的原因以及对海洋生物的影响和对其生存的威胁。所以短文主要是围绕着海洋氧含量下降而展开的。故短文的最佳标题为“海洋快喘不过气来了”符合题意。故D选项正确。

Passage 5

1. A细节理解题。根据第一段中For some people, music is no fun at all. About four percent of the population is what scientists call “amusic.”可知对有些人来说, 音乐对他们说没有任何乐趣而言。大约4%的人口是科学家所说的“音盲”。由此可知, A项“听音乐对他们来说远非享受”符合对音盲的描述, 故选A。

2. C推理判断题。根据第三段中The difference is complex, and it doesn't involve defective hearing. Amusics can understand other nonmusical sounds well. 可知两者的区别很复杂, 并不涉及听力缺陷。音盲可以很好地理解其他非音乐的声音。由此可推知, “听力有缺陷”的人可能是指一个听力有障碍的人。故选C。

3. A细节理解题。根据最后一段中“I just wish I had learned to say that when I was seventeen and not seventy.”可知“我真希望我是在十七岁而不是七十岁的时候学会这么说的。”由此可知, Margaret表达了她的愿望, 希望自己在音乐方面的问题能早点得到诊断。故选A。

4. B主旨大意题。文章的第一段告诉读者大约4%的人音乐对于他们而言, 没有任何乐趣可言, 他们没有辨别与再现音调的能力；第二段讲述歌曲对于没有乐感的人来说听起来像噪音, 以及由此给他们的生活带来的不便；第三段分析了原因, 是因为他们的大脑与能欣赏音乐的人的大脑不同造成的, 但这又不同于有听力障碍的人；最后一段以Margaret为

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例, 说明他们的这种状况最终得以诊断。可知这篇文章主要讲的是有些人不能欣赏音乐。故选B。

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