五 介和 介
介属于虚,不可以充任句子成分,它一般与后边的名、代等成介短,在句子中充任定、状、表和。
一、常用介的基本用法 (一)表示时间的介词
1. at 表示刻、点或泛指中子夜晚: at5 o’clockatthemomentatnight
in表示段、年代、季或泛指上午、下午和夜晚:inspringinJulyin2019 intheyearin themorningin theafternoonin theevening in 后跟段也可表示“⋯⋯之 内”,一般用于未来中,如:
Iwillcomebackinaweek.Inafewminutes,hewillcallyou.
on指详细的某一天或某一天的上午、下午和夜晚: onThursdayonJune3,2019 onthemorningof Sunday
after“⋯⋯以后”,不受的:
Iwillcomebackafter12o’clock.Afteraweek(=Aweek later),hereceivedtheletter.after+ 段= 段+later
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中考复习专题介词和连词
for+段表示持了多,相当于since+点“自从⋯⋯以来”常用于在达成中:JackhasstayedinChinaforaweek.Jackhasstayedin ChinasinceMonday.
until(till)“直到⋯⋯”,与not用表示“直到⋯⋯才⋯⋯”:
Mymotherwaitedmeuntil6o’clock.Hedidn’treturnuntiltheendof this year.往常,在必定句中 until(till) 与延 性用,在否认句中,它与止性用。
7.from ⋯to⋯“从⋯⋯到⋯⋯”:Thepictures will beonshowfromMondaytoFriday. 个介构
也可表示地址,如:Herunsfromtheschooltohishome.
during“在⋯⋯期”:ProfessorWangvisitedmanymuseumsduringhisstayinFrance. 9.by“不于,到⋯⋯以前”:Wemustfinishtheworkbytheendofthismonth. 10.before“在⋯⋯以前”:You’dbettergotobedbefore10o’clock.
through(throughout)“从到尾,整个(夜晚、天、年⋯⋯)”:It’sharmfultoworkthrough/ throughoutthenight.
(二)表示方向地址的介词
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中考复习专题介词和连词
in“在⋯⋯里面”或“在某地”,往常指大地址:inChinaarriveinBeijing at“在某个地址”,往常指小地方:attheairportatthehospital on“在⋯⋯上边”,指有接触面:onthetableon thetreeonthewall注意比:over“在⋯⋯的
正上方”,没有接触面,与 under相:Lookatthe bridge overtheriver.There table.above “在⋯⋯的正上方” below相:Thereisaflag abovetheblackboard. inside“在⋯⋯内部”,与它的是outside “在⋯⋯外面” :Itiswarmerinsidetheroom. Outsidethedoor,theboysareplaying. 5.near“在⋯⋯邻近”:Anewbuilding nearourschool.
6.beside“在⋯⋯旁”:Theboysitsbesidehis father.
“在⋯⋯近,凑近”,意思与 near 邻近:Therearemanytreesbytheriver.
nextto“靠⋯⋯、在⋯⋯近邻”:Shelivesnexttous.
9.infront of“在⋯⋯前方”:Shestoodinfront theteacher. 注意与inthefrontof 第3 页
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isaball underthe ,有接触面,与
isbeingbuilt
和beside
of
“在⋯⋯内部
中考复习专题介词和连词
的前方”的区,如:Wecanseetheblackboardinthefrontoftheclassroom. behind“在⋯⋯以后”:Dadplantedanappletreebehindthehouse.
between“在二者之”,among“在多者之中”:Thereisarailwaybetweenthetwocities.Youcan discussthequestionamongyou.
around和round“在⋯⋯周”,美国人多用
around,英国人多用round:Thechildrenareplayingaround/roundthetable. (三)表示运动方向的介词
at“朝着,向着”,表指向某一固定点;to“通往⋯⋯方向,到某地”;toward(s)“朝向某一方向”,但不必定抵达:Don’tshootatme.Canyoushowmethe waytothestation?Hewalkstotheschool everyday.他每日走路去学校。
Herunstowardstheschool.他朝着学校的方向跑。2.up“向上,往高”:Let’sclimbupthemountainandbreathethefreshair.
3.down“往下”,“沿着”(同along):Thechildren run
downthehill.Walkdown/alongtheroadandyouwillseeapostoffice. 4.across“穿,横”,表示从表面通(注:cross 第4 页
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中考复习专题介词和连词
v.穿,crossingn.十字架,十字路口);through表示从内部穿;by表从旁走、路:Theriver runsthrough thecity.Be careful whenyouwalk across thestreet. I passedbythemuseumthis morning.
for+目的地,“到⋯⋯,以⋯⋯目的地”:Dr.LiuhasleftforWashington. off“走开,落下”,相当于awayfrom或downfrom: Thebirdsflyoffthetree.Theglassfelloff thetable.
7.into“入内部”;与它相的是 outof “从⋯⋯ 出来”:Thethief brokeintotheshop andrunout ofitwithseveralbagsofmoney.
onto“到⋯⋯之上”,比on更作:Hegotontothebusandleft. round/around“,”:Theearthmoves round/aroundthesun.
(四)表示方式手段的介词
with“用某种工具、身体某一部分、方法等”:Iwrite with mynewpen.People usually workwith their handsinthepast.
2.in“用某种言、资料等”:ShecansinginJapanese. Theteacherwritesinredchalk. 注:用with, 第5 页
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中考复习专题介词和连词
名前加物主代或冠;用in,后跟物名,名前不加物主代或冠。 3.by“通某种手段或方法等”:Areyougoingtosend thepackagebyairmail? 表示搭乘交通工具, by/ on+交通工具,但 in++交通工具,如: bybus, byplane,onfoot,inmycar 等。
as“作⋯⋯,以⋯⋯身份”,“好像”:WestudyEnglishasasecondlanguage.Heworkshereas ateacher.Weshoulduniteasaman.
like“像⋯⋯一”,可和系用:Theyplay togetherlikebrothers.
(五)表示原由或目的的介词
1.for\"因\"“了”:Thecityisfamousforitsbeauty.
2.becauseof“因”:Wehavetoputoffourtravelplanbecauseofthebadweather. at“因⋯⋯而引某种感情或行”,有可成
with:Hebecameangrywith/athisson’sbaddeed.
4.outof“出于”:Hestudiesphysicsoutofthegreatinterest. (六)其余介词
on“对于”:Whatareyoutalkingabout?Iamreadingabookonthewar.
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中考复习专题介词和连词
“没有⋯⋯”:Wecanhardly live without water.
3.with“和,拥有,陪伴”:Withwhomwill yougoto travel?Bringanumbrellawithyou.
besides“除⋯⋯以外,有”(包含在内),except 和but“除⋯⋯以外,其余都⋯⋯” (不包含),but
多与不定代用:BesidesJack,allstudentspass.(杰克也通了考)Wedoexerciseexcept/but ontherainyday. (雨天,我不。) 二、省略介的几种状况
(一)在表示的短中,如有this, that, these, those,next,last,one,some,any,all,every 和each修:eachyearthismorningnext week
(二)whattime 前的at常被省略: WhattimewilltheTVprogrambeshown? At8:00p.m.
(三)inthis/thatway,inthesameway 短中,
介in常被省略:Pleasefollowmethisway.三、几组常有介词辨析 (一)“除了⋯⋯” besides,except,exceptfor, exceptthat,but
besides除了⋯⋯以外(包含),except除了⋯⋯之 第7 页
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中考复习专题介词和连词
外(不包含),but与except 同义,但常与不定代词 连用。这三个介词后能够跟名词,动名词,代词和从 句。exceptthat 与except 同义,但只好随从句。
exceptfor表示除了一些瑕疵以外,重申部分地修正;别的,所除掉的部分常常和整体不属于一类,如:Yourcompositionisgoodexceptforsomespellingmistakes.Thestreetisemptyexceptforacar. (二)“对于”about,on,of
about重视于与人或事物相关的事迹或状况; on重视
于论述或论及相对重要的理论、学术等问题;相对而言of,则是大略地波及人或事物的状况。 (三)表示方向的 in,on,to,off A D
B
C
i
Bis Cis
n
theeastofA
ontheeastofA
t
Dis
o theeastofA
in表示在某地范围以内;on表示在某地边疆上,重申两地相邻;to则重申在某地以外,两地之间有必定距离,但假如两地是在海疆中相离则用off。 (四)for和to表示后置的间接宾语
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中考复习专题介词和连词
1.buy,cook,fetch,get,find,make,order,save,sing,pay⋯+sth.+for+sb. 2.bring, leave, lend, offer,pass, read,teach, promise,give,write,send ⋯+sth.+ to +sb. (五)for与of表示不定式复合构的主 It+be+adj.+for+sb.+todosth. 当形容词说 明不定式动作的性质特点时用 for,for“于某人来 做某事怎么”。
It+be+adj.+of+sb.+todosth. 当形容词说 明对逻辑主语的评论时用 of,of“某人做了某事如 何”。 连 词
和介一,也属于虚,不可以充任句子成分,它只好用来接、短、从句或句子。按法意,可分并列和附属。 一、并列连词
(一)and“和,并且”,三者或三者以上并列,只需在最后二者加and,前方各个之用“,”:Hegotup anddressedhimself.Thewomanboughtapples,peasandmeatinthesupermarket. (二)or“或许”;“否”(=otherwise):Heorshewilltellyouthetruth. You’dbetterreadcarefullythebook,oryou 第9 页
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中考复习专题介词和连词
can’tlearnsomething.
(三)but“可是,但是”:Hetriedhard,butstillfailed.注意比:but往常位于句中,后来跟句子,不用“,”相隔;however可独用,位于句首或句中,后有“,”:Hetriedhard,however,hestillfailed. (四)so(therefore) “所以,所以”:Sheisbusy collecting materials, so/ therefore she can finishthereport.
(五)both ⋯and⋯“⋯⋯和⋯⋯都”:BothMaryand hersisterstudyinthisschool.
(六)either ⋯or⋯“或许⋯⋯ 或许⋯⋯”:Either youoryourfriend isgoingtohandinthereport.
(七)neither⋯nor⋯“既不⋯⋯也不⋯⋯”:Hehasneithereatennordrunkthewholeday. (八)notonly⋯but also⋯“不⋯⋯并且⋯⋯”:
Notonlymymumbutalsomydadhasbeenmyfriend.注:both⋯and⋯构是复数观点,做主 , 用复数;either ⋯ or⋯,
neither⋯nor⋯和notonly⋯butalso⋯构做主,依照就近原,即的复数由最凑近的部分主决定。
二、附属连词 附属主要用于引从句。
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中考复习专题介词和连词
(一)引从句:that,whether,if,如:Hetoldmethathehadmovedtothetown.(口中,that 可省略)
(二)多半附属用于引状从句:
(三)when,while,as“当⋯⋯的候”:when运用范广,可表示“在一段中的候”,也指“正在”,如:MumiscookingwhenIreturn.The
phonerangwhenIenteredtheroom. while 主句和从句作同生,它引的从句
延性;有,while含有“而”的意思,表示比关系:
Whileweweretalking,hecamein.
Theboyisdoinghishomework,whilehissisterissleeping. as主句和从句作同生, 甚至主句的作随 从句的行化而化, “在⋯⋯程中” :The childrensangastheywalked.Ashewasyoung, hereadmanyusefulbooks. (四)because,since,as “因⋯⋯ ,因为”,不 与so用:
Theydidn’tgotohaveapicnic becauseit rained. Sinceeverybodyishere, let’sstart ourmeeting. Asyouareready,showyouropinionfirst.
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中考复习专题介词和连词
注:①because表直接原由,因果关系;since气不如because,表附或接的音素,含有“既然”之意;as气最弱,“因为”,多用于口中。②回答why的,只好用because回答,引的原由 状从句往常放在主句以后; since和as引的原由 状从句的地点可前可后。
(五)although,though “只管”,不与 but 用: Although/Thoughdadwasverytired,hewenton workinguntildeepnight.
(六)assoonas“一⋯⋯ 就⋯⋯”:Shecalledas soonasshecameback.
(七)After“⋯⋯⋯以后”,before“⋯⋯以前”:
Mr.Hilldrovebackafterhefinishedthework.Tomdrugsadeepholeinthegardenbeforeheplantsayoungtree.
[例精析]
例1.There is nolight inhis room.Where canhe havegone____suchacoldnight? A.during B.in C.on D.at
分析:“在夜晚”用atnight,但假如特指某一个夜晚、清晨、下午等,用介例hadapleasantchat_______acupof
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on。些表示的名前去往有修。答案:C。 中考复习专题介词和连词
coffee.
A.for B.with C.during D.over
分析:此考介的搭配。Tochatoveracupofcoffee意思喝咖啡聊,over“⋯⋯⋯⋯”。for和during作“在⋯⋯期”之意往常后边加
段,并且during是,后边只好随从句。with“跟着”表原由或陪伴的状。答案:D。 例youcallmetosayyou’renotgoing totheplay,I’llseeyouatthetheatre. A.OnceB.Aslong asC. UnlessD. Assoonas
分析:once一旦,aslongas 只需,unless 除非, 相当于 if⋯⋯not,assoonas 一⋯⋯就⋯⋯依据 意C。
例4.AsIwasabouttospeak___youinterruptedme.
A./ B.when C.as D.but
分析:本的圈套就在于 beabouttodo常常和when 搭配,表示“要做某事的候生了什么” ,所以 简单 B。上,目句首已有了 as
当⋯⋯的候,故没有必需再加其余。 答案:A。 专题测试
1.Iwill notbelieve it ______Ihaveseenit with myowneyes.
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中考复习专题介词和连词
A.afterB.untilC.when D.since 2.It is ______hot______cold inthis place all theyearround,soitattractssomanytourists everyyear.
A.both,and B.either,or C.neither,nor D.notonly,butalso
Pleasehurryup,________youwillbelateforthemeeting.
A.or B.but
C.and D.so
mysurprise,
theydidn’t
quarrel
other.
A.To
B.In
C.On D.At
5.Japanlies____theeastofChina.
A.at
B.in
C.on
D.off
6.TheGreatWallwindsitsway______alotof
highmountains.
A.overB.across
7.Hestepped
into
the slightly ____hemight upthesleepingbaby. A.in order
that
B.
incase C.
soD. people die__anearly
age___heart A.on,from
B.in,of C.at,of D.to,from
plan is
all
right,___,it
canbemadebetter.
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with
each
wake
sothat illness.
中考复习专题介词和连词
A.but B.while C.so D.however
Wearecopyingthenewwords____ourteachercamein. A.while B.as C.when D.unless laziness, noonelikes togetonwith him. A.As B.For C.Because D.With Thepatientwillhavetowaitallday_____ thedoctorworksfaster. A.unless B.whether C.if D.that ─Somebodywantsyouonthetelephone. ____nooneknowsIamhere.
A.For B.And C.But D.So
14.Itwassometime____werealizedthetruth.
A.when 15.It night. A.because
B.until
is
C.since outside,
D.before
___itissobrightat
snowing
B.for C.as D.since
─Idon’tlikesinging____dancing.Whataboutyou?
Idon’tlikedancing,___Ilikesinging.A.and,butB.and,andC.or,butD.but,or Johnseemstobeaniceperson,______,I don’ttrusthim.
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中考复习专题介词和连词
so
though
I
knowthe
moneyis
safe,I
shallnot
aboutit.
thoughB.Unlesslongas
19.Hesuddenly returned ________arainy
A.on
B.at
C.in
D.during
20.DoesJohnknowanyother foreign
languageFrench?
A.except B.but C.besides D.beside
21.All ____the
road,
wesawmanypeople
hurriedly.
A.about
B.along C.by D.in
22.Theworldis ______sevencontinents oceans.
A.madeupoffromofin
23.Yourworkis___allpraised.
A.beyond
B.outof
C.under
D.farfrom
24.Hesaidallthis____tears____hiseyes.
A.having, to
B.with, in
C.for, toD.with, 25.Whatis the
difference
___pronunciation
thesetwoword?
A.of,in
B.in,betweenC.in,amongD.of,between
26.Weareoff___Nanjingtomorrow.
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worry
night.
____
running
andfour
to ___
中考复习专题介词和连词
A.in B.for C.at D.towards 27.___the helpofourteacher, Ihavemadegreater progressinEnglish. A.At B.Under C.For D.With
Ithappenedtobeverycold____themorningofoursportsmeeting. A.at B.of C.on D.in
29.Pleasefillintheform____.
penpenpenpen30.Look,thekiteisstill______sight.A.onB.outofC.inD.at
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