三张表: 1. income statement(I/S或P/L)：某一个期间的经营状况. Revenue-expenses=net income; 2. balance statment(B/S*财务报表的核心)：R/E留存收益，某一个时间点的整体情况. assets=liabilities+owners' equity; 3.cashflow statment(C/F): operating cash flows+investing cash flows+financing cash flows=net cash inflow or outflow for the financial year
Double Entry Theory复式记账法（做账才能平）, accrual accounting权责发生制（货物交割服务提供IASB和FASB的区别）/cash basis收付实现制; 四个重要账户：unearned revenue, prepaid expense, accrued revenue, accrued expense; Cost: Historical cost/amortized cost/current cost/realizable value/present value/fair value
Other relevant information: 1.Financial Statements Notes(Footnotes*): accounting methods, assumptions, and estimate会计方法估计假设*; acquisitions or disposal, legal actions, employee benefit plans, significant customers重大客户（是否依赖）, sales to related parties关联方交易, and segments of the firm;2. Managements's Discussion and Analysis(MD&A)： from perspective of its management, trends in sales and expense, trends in cash flow, business overview, material events and uncertainties that may affect the future*(中概股都会有政策说明);3. SEC Filings: 8-K(acqusitions or disposals, changes in mangement, corporate governmence)/10-K, annual/10-Q, quarterly
Financial Statement Elements: 1.Assets: cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, inventory, financial assets, prepaid expenses, property, plant and equipment, investment in affiliates, deferred tax assets, intangible assets.2. Liabilities: accounts payable, fianacial liability, unearned revenue, income taxes payable, long-term debt, deferred tax liability.3. Owners' equity: capital, additional paid-in capital, retained earnings, other comprehensive income; 4.Expenses: cost of goods sold, selling, general and administrative expense销售管理费用SG&A, Depreciation and amortization, tax expense, interest expense, losses
Account Equation: assets=liabilities+owners'equity, Owners' equity=contributed capital+retained earnings, ending retained earning=beginning retained earnings+net income(revenue-expense)-dividend. → assets=liability+contributed capital+beginning retained earnings+revenue-expense-dividend
Ratio: categories(profitablity/activity/luquidity/solvency/valuation/DuPont system of analysis); gross/net profit margin, ROA/ROE, total asset turnover, current ratio/quick ratio/cash ratio, D/A debt-to assets, D/E debt-to-equity ratio, EPS earnings per share(basic/diluted)
【乐视经典案例】