2022年高考英语新全国Ⅰ卷(试题;答案;解析)

2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新高考全国Ⅰ卷）

英语

（使用地区：考听力：福建、河北、湖北、湖南、江苏；不考听力：广东、山东）

第一部分 听力 (共两节，满分30分)

第一节 (共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15.

1. What will the speakers do next?

A. Check the map. B. Leave the restaurant. C. Park the car. 2. Where are the speakers?

A. At a bus stop. B. At home. C. At the airport. 3. What did the speakers do last week? A. They had a celebration dinner. B. They went to see a newborn baby. C. They sent a mail to their neighbors. 4. Why does the man make the phone call?

A. To cancel a weekend trip. B. To make an appointment. C. To get some information. 5. What does the man probably want to do?

A. Do some exercise. B. Get an extra key. C. Order room service.

第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独自读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6. Why does the woman come to the man?

A. To ask for permission. B. To extend an invitation. C. To express thanks. 7. When are the students going to the museum?

A. On Friday. B. On Saturday. C. On Sunday.

听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. What are the speakers talking about?

A. Buying groceries. B. Choosing gifts. C. Seeing friends. 9. Who is Clara?

A. The man's wife. B. The man's sister. C. The man's daughter. 10. How much did the man spend on the city passes?

A. $36. B. $50. C. $150.

听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。

11. Why did Tracy bring dogs to the children? A. To teach them to love animals. B. To help them gain confidence C. To protect them from dangers.

12. What is Kevin's concern about the dogs?

A. They may misbehave. B. They may get hurt. C. They may carry diseases. 13. What will Helen do tomorrow morning?

A. Give a talk. B. Meet the children. C. Take some photos.

听第9段材科，回答第14至17题。 14. What is the man doing?

A. Attending a lecture. B. Hosting a workshop. C. Conducting an interview.

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15. Why is Emily doing unpaid work in the new season of the show?

A. To follow the latest trend. B. To help raise the crew's pay. C. To support the post-production. 16. What enables Emily to try different things in her field?

A. Her college education. B. Her teaching experience. C. Her family tradition. 17. What does Emily think of her work at the Film Centre?

A. Boring. B. Rewarding. C. Demanding

听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。 18. Who is the speaker talking to?

A. Sports club members. B. International tourists. C. University students. 19. Where did Emma work for a rugby team?

A. In Manchester. B. In Dublin. C. In Vancouver 20. What can be a challenge to Emma's work? A. Competition in the health care industry. B. Discrimination gains female scientists. C. Influence of misinformation on the public.

第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature

Grading Scale

90-100, A; 80-, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E. Essays (60%)

Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%. Group Assignments (30%)

Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业)during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system. Daily work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)

Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class’ lecture/discussion co it is important to take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home both of which will be graded. Late Work

An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted. 21.Where is this text probably taken from?

A. A textbook. B. An exam paper. C. A course plan. D. An academic article. 22. How many parts is a student's final grade made up of?

A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five. 23. What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date?

A. You will receive a zero. B. You will lose a letter grade. C. You will be given a test. D. You will have to rewrite it

B

Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula(芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.

In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, \"food waste goes against the moral grain,\" as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month's cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away --- from “ugly\"(but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.

Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”

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If that's hard to understand, let's keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time --- but for him, it's more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of Dc Central Kitchen in Washington. D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的)produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.

Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether he not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won't eat.\" Curtin says.

24. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?

A. We pay little attention to food waste. B. We waste food unintentionally at times. C. We waste more vegetables than meat. D. We have good reasons for wasting food. 25. What is a consequence of food waste according to the text?

A. Moral decline. B. Environmental harm. C. Energy shortage. D. Worldwide starvation. 26. What does Curtin's company do?

A. It produces kitchen equipment. B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel. C. It helps local farmers grow fruits. D. It makes meals out of unwanted food 27. What does Curtin suggest people do?

A. Buy only what is needed. B. Reduce food consumption. C. Go shopping once a week. D. Eat in restaurants less often.

C

The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely. The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people's wellbeing. It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.

Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: \" I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school.

“I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there again at night to see they've gone to bed.

“It's good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I'm enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.\"

There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.

Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”

Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.” 28. What is the purpose of the project?

A. To ensure harmony in care homes. B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged. C. To raise money for medical research. D. To promote the elderly people's welfare. 29. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier?

A. She has learned new life skills. B. She has gained a sense of achievement. C. She has recovered her memory. D. She has developed a strong personality. 30. What do the underlined words “embark on\" mean in Paragraph 7?

A. Improve. B. Oppose. C. Begin. D. Evaluate. 31. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs?

A. It is well received. B. It needs to be more creative. C. It is highly profitable. D. It takes ages to see the results.

D

Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world's languages.

More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v\Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.

They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.

The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period.

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Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn't have to do as much work and so didn't grow to be so large.

Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and \"v\" increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.

This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. \"The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,\" said Steven Moran, a member of the research team. 32. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi's research focus on?

A. Its variety. B. Its distribution. C. Its quantity. D. Its development. 33. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals?

A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth. B. They could not open and close their lips easily. C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured. D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough. 34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?

A. Supporting evidence for the research results. B. Potential application of the research findings. C. A further explanation of the research methods. D. A reasonable doubt about the research process. 35. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?

A. It is key to effective communication. B. It contributes much to cultural diversity. C. It is a complex and dynamic system. D. It drives the evolution of human beings.

第二节：（共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled \"Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.\" One reason was: \"You'll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,\" while another read: “ 36 ” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) competition.

So, how do you find a workout partner?

First of all, decide what you want from that person. 37 Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.

You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won't result in a useful response. 38 If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.

My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. 39

You and your partner will probably have different skills. 40 Over time, both of you will benefit - your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.

A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.

B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by. C. You'll work harder if you train with someone else.

D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport? E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice? F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other. G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.

36._____________ 37._____________ 38._____________ 39._____________ 40._____________

第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）

第一节：完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.

Some of our 41 are funny, especially from the early years when our children were little. Once, we 42 along Chalk Creek. I was 43 that our 15-month-old boy would fall into the creek (小溪). I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot. That lasted about ten minutes. He was 44 , and his crying let the whole campground know it. So 45 tying him up, I just kept a close eye on him. It 46 --- he didn't end up in the creek. My three-year old, however, did.

Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we 47 , but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly 48 our peaceful morning trip. The 49 picked up and thunder rolled. My husband stopped fishing to 50 the motor. Nothing. He tried again. No 51 . We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a

dead motor. As we all sat there 52 , a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed (拖)us back. We were

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53 . Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage, we are filled with a sense of , wondering what camping fun and 55 we will experience next. 41. A. ideas B. jokes C. memories D. discoveries 42. A. camped B. drove C. walked D. cycled 43. A. annoyed B. surprised C. disappointed D. worried 44. A. unhurt B. unfortunate C. uncomfortable D. unafraid 45. A. due to B. instead of C. apart from D. as for 46. A. worked B. happened C. mattered D. changed 47. A. signed up B. calmed down C. checked out D. headed off 48. A. arranged B. interrupted C. completed D. recorded 49. A. wind B. noise C. temperature D. speed 50. A. find B. hide C. start D. fix 51. A. luck B. answer C. wonder D. signal 52. A. patiently B. tirelessly C. doubtfully D. helplessly 53. A. sorry B. brave C. safe D. right

. A. relief B. duty C. pride D. excitement 55. A. failure B. adventure C. performance D. conflict

第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)

阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park (GPNP). 56 (cover) an area about three times 57 size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 58 (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority 59 (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.

After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP 60 (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, 61 leaving behind precious natural assets (资产) for future generations\". The GPNP's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate 62 (population) and homes of giant pandas, and 63 (eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild.

Giant pandas also serve an umbrella species (物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species 65 live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.

56._____________ 57._____________ 58._____________ 59._____________ 60._____________ 61._____________ 62._____________ 63._____________ ._____________ 65._____________

第四部分：写作（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（满分15分）

假定你是校广播站英语节日“Talk and Talk”的负责人李华，请给外教Caroline写邮件邀请她做一次访谈。内容包括: 1. 节目介绍; 2. 访谈的时间和话题。

注意: 1. 写作词数应为80左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Caroline,

Yours sincerely, Li Hua

第二节（满分25分）

阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。

It was the day of the big cross-country run. Students from seven different primary schools in and around the small

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town were warming up and walking the route (路线) through thick evergreen forest.

I looked around and finally spotted David, who was standing by himself off to the side by a fence. He was small for ten years old. His usual big toothy smile was absent today. I walked over and asked him why he wasn't with the other children. He hesitated and then said he had decided not to run.

What was wrong? He had worked so hard for this event!

I quickly searched the crowd for the school's coach and asked him what had happened. “I was afraid that kids from other schools would laugh at him,\" he explained uncomfortably. \"I gave him the choice to run or not, and let him decide.”

I bit back my frustration (懊恼). l knew the coach meant well--- he thought he was doing the right thing. After making sure that David could run if he wanted, l turned to find him coming towards me, his small body rocking from side to side as he swung his feet forward.

David had a brain disease which prevented him from walking or running like other children, but at school his classmates thought of him as a regular kid. He always participated to the best of his ability in whatever they were doing. That was why none of the children thought it unusual that David had decided to join the cross-country team. It just took him longer--- that's all. David had not missed a single practice, and although he always finished his run long after the other children, he did always finish. As a special education teacher at the school, I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong determination.

注意: 1．续写词数应为150左右; 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

We sat down next to each other, but David wouldn’t look at me.___________________________________________ I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners.____________________________________

第二部分： 答案速查

一、 听力

1-5： C B B C A 6-10： A B B C C 11-15: B A A C C 16-20：A B A B C

二、阅读

21. C 22. B 23. A 24. B 25. B 26. D 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. C 31. A 32. D 43. C 34. A 35. C

三、七选五

36. C 37. D 38. B 39. G 40. F

四、完形填空

41. C 42. A 43. D 44. C 45. B 46. A 47. D 48. B 49. A 50. C 51. A 52. D 53. C . D 55. B

五、语法填空

56. Covering 57. the 58. were 59. to increase 60. is designed 61. and 62. populations 63. eventually . as 65. that

六、写作

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第一节

参考范文：

Dear Caroline,

I'm Li Hua, head of the English program “Talk and Talk\". I'm writing to invite you to our live interview.

“Talk and Talk” is a weekly broadcast program produced by our school's Broadcasting Station. It focuses on various hot topics that students may be concerned about, ranging from music to study strategies, and is intended to expose us students to authentic English. This Friday we'd like you to join our program and share with us some tips on how to practice oral English.

It would be highly appreciated if you could accept the invitation. Looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

第二节

参考范文：

We sat down next to each other, but David wouldn't look at me. It was really a tricky moment, calling for a good choice of words. Having thought it over, I talked about my own course of hard struggle as a child and mentioned his daily hard training. His face began to lighten. When I reminded him of those unforgettable events which won people’s praise for his determination and perseverance, he smiled and added that he did feel proud sometimes. The whistle went off, and the competitors began to take their places. To my joy, David slowly rose to his feet.

I watched David moving up to the starting line with the other runners. He looked back at me, and I gave him a thumbs-up. Hardly had the starter's gun shot when David tottered forward with the other kids. Soon he was left behind. About half an hour later, nearly all the runners finished their race. However, as he finally came into sight, the audience burst into thunderous cheers and applause.He didn't win the game, but he achieved his best record ever and won the

respect of everybody. I know that with the power to conquer himself, he can conquer anything on the way to a promising future.

第三部分： 答案、译文与解析

第一部分：听力

1-5： C B 11-15: B A

B A

C C

A C

6-10： A B 16-20：A B

B A

C B

C C

听力录音原文

Text 1

M: (1) We have to find a parking space. Let's drive around the block one more time. Did you say the restaurant has no off-street parking at all?

W: None, I checked it. (1) Look, there is a space.

Text 2

M: (2) You have to go now, Judy, or you'll miss your flight. (2) It's an hour's drive to the airport. W: (2)I'm leaving. Don't forget to water my flowers. Just a minute, where's my ticket, Dad?

Text 3

M: Laura, what's in the mailbox?

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W: It's a thank-you note from our neighbor. (3)They thank us for visiting them last week when the baby was born. They also invite us to have dinner next Friday. M: Are they back home now? W: Should be.

Text 4

W:Good afternoon, Paper Museum.

M:Hello, (4)could you tell me your opening hours for Saturday? W:Yeah, we're open from 10:00 in the morning to 5:00 in the afternoon. M:Thanks.

Text 5

M: Excuse me, (5)Where is the hotel gym, please? W: It's on the top floor. You can take the lift over there. M: Do I have to pay extra?

W: No, sir. You just need to take your room key with you.

Text 6

W: Mr. Wilson, students from Class 2 want to visit the History Museum. (6)Will it be all right if I take them there this weekend? M: How about their revision test? Are they through with it? W: Yes, they are.

M: In that case, you can go ahead. (7)Try to finish it within one day so that the students still have a whole day to rest on Sunday. W: All right, I'll manage.

Text 7

M: Hi, Linda. Fancy seeing you here. How long have you been shopping?

W: Almost an hour. I have a lot to buy. My daughter Melissa's birthday is coming. (8)I'm trying to get her a good gift, but I don't know what to choose. She seems to have everything she loves. M: (9)Yeah, the same as Clara. We`ve already had bags of toys she's no longer playing with. So this year, we didn't buy her material things. We gave her an experience gift. W: What's that?

M: A city pass, with which she can visit 12 different attractions, including the National History Museum, the Science Museum, the zoo and more. W: How much is it?

M: (10)50 dollars per person for a year-long pass. I bought 3 for the whole family. W: So you can have a different outing every month for the entire year? What a great idea!

Text 8

M: Helen, busy doing anything?

W: Oh, Kevin. I'm preparing a presentation for the city library. It's about a girl named Tracy Woods. M: What's special about her?

W: It was an amazing story. (11)She brought specially trained dogs to special education schools and helped children to build confidence. She believes that dogs can help children in ways we can't. Dogs don't judge and they don't care who you are or what you look like.

M: But putting dogs into a school? (12)Aren't they going to mess up the school? W: Don't worry. All the dogs are assessed and trained properly. There are now 40 dogs working with children aged from 6 to 18.

M: I hope the children love them.

W: Of course they do. I've got some pictures. (13)I'll show them at my presentation tomorrow morning. Text 9

M: (14)Emily, thank you for taking time out of your busy schedule to answer a few questions. W: It's my pleasure.

M: People say you're doing unpaid work in the new season of My Fair Lady. Is this what the show business has become? W: No, not really. All of my acting in the new season is unpaid, but the crew is paid. (15)This is to raise money for the post-production of the show. M: I notice you've tried many different kinds of things: film, TV, and even theater. W: (16)Yeah, that's how I was trained at university. I work on anything that excites me. M: Tell us about the 6 months you recently spent at the workshop of the Film Center.

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W: It was an unbelievable experience-teaching young actors and actresses and working with some great acting artists. It was also great to work in various labs, such as directors', writers’ and so on. (17) It’s very helpful for making you a really well-rounded and active member of the film and television industry. M: Thank you very much, Emily. We look forward to your new season.

Text 10

W: (18) Hi, everyone. This is the monthly meeting of our club. We’ve been fortunate to have got good advice from some famous athletes on how to improve our skills and build up our body.Today, we'll hear something different. We're honored to have Emma Wilson here. Emma is a health expert and lecturer from UBC, the University of British

Columbia. Emma worked for a football team in Manchester, (19) then for a very successful rugby team in Dublin, and finally ended up working here in Vancouver. (20)Emma says it’s challenging to be a health expert because people can be easily influenced by advertisements that lack scientific support.Also, people aren't willing to change their views about food and nutrition as(20)there is so much confusing information online. It's really important to hear what experts say and that's why we've invited Emma here. She isn't going to tell us about everything we should eat, but she will teach us to make better choices. Let's welcome Emma Wilson.

第二部分 阅读

第一节

A

（一）译文

(21)文学导论课评分规则 分值范围

90—100：A; 80—：B; 70—79：C;60—69：D;低于60：E。 (22)论文(60%) (21)你的4篇主要论文将构成这门课程成绩的主体：论文1=10%;论文2=15%;论文3=15%;论文4=20%。 (22)小组作业(30%)

在课程期间，学生将分组完成4项作业。(21)所有作业需要在指定日期前通过我们的在线学习和课程管理系统“黑板”提交。 (22)日常作业/课堂写作和测试/小组作业/家作(10%) 每天的课堂活动都有所不同，但是学生必须准备好完成简短的课堂写作或测试，这些内容直接来自指定的阅读材料或上一堂课的讲座或讨论的笔记，因此在课堂上一定要认真记笔记。此外，有时我会安排课堂小组作业或少量家庭作业，而且都会纳入评分。

逾期作业

在到期日前未提交的论文，每迟交一个课时，得分将降低一个等级。(23)如在到期日后的第4天仍未上交，则记零分；未在课上完成的课堂作业记零分；因请假未交的论文可以补交。

（二）解析

21.C．

本题询问文章出处。根据文章标题Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature“文学导论课评分规则”及第2段中的the grade for this course“本课程的成绩”和第3段中的online learning and course management system“在线学习和课程管理系统”，推断出本文是对某文学导论课程评分规则的详细介绍，故选C项“一个课程方案”。

A项“一本教科书”、B项“一张试卷”和D 项“一篇学术文章”和文中提及的“课程评分规则”无明显关联，故排除。

22. B

本题询问学生的最后成绩是由几部分构成的。根据题干中的How many parts和final grade可定位到文中的小标题。根据第2~4个小标题后的百分比（分别为：60%、30%和10%）相加为100%可知，学生的最终成绩是由小标题所涉及的3个部分组成，故选B项。

23.A

本题询问逾期一周提交论文的后果。根据题干中的submit an essay one week after the due date可定位到最后一段。最后一段第二句If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero可知,逾期4天，则评分为零,那么题干所问的逾期一周评分自然也是零，故选A项“你会得零分”。

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B项“你的评分等级会降一个字母等级”是“每逾期一个课时”的结果，故排除。C项“你将会被安排测试”和D项“你需要重写论文”文中均未提及。

B

（一） 译文

与大多数人一样，我会尽量注意那些有可能被浪费掉的食物。我原本可以用芝麻菜来做一道美味的蔬菜沙拉，来配烤鸡一起吃。(24)但没想到，我最后还是工作到了很晚。后来朋友们打电话来，邀请我共进晚餐。于是我把鸡肉塞进了冰箱。但时间一长，芝麻菜就放坏了。更糟糕的是，我买的时候没有注意，买了太多。我扔掉的芝麻菜都够我做6份沙拉了。

正如伊丽莎白·罗伊特在这个月的封面故事中所说，在一个每年有近8亿人挨饿的世界里，“浪费食物违背了道德准则”。从杂货店店主丢弃的“丑陋”(但还能食用的)蔬菜，到大量原封不动扔进餐馆垃圾桶的菜肴，这些还相当不错的食物就这样扔掉了，而且其数量之大简直令人吃惊。

生产出来的食物却没有人吃，这相当于浪费了生产时所用的水、燃料以及其他用于种植的资源。(25)这使得食物浪费变成一个环境问题。事实上，正如罗伊特所写，“如果将食物浪费比作一个国家，它将是世界上第三大温室气体排放国。”

如果还是很难理解这一点，那我们可以简单一点，就想想我冰箱里面的芝麻菜吧。迈克·柯廷一直在看我的芝麻菜故事，但在他看来，这更像是12盒捐赠的草莓快到保质期。柯廷是特区厨房组织的首席执行官，(26)这家组织位于华盛顿特区，回收食物，并将其加工成健康餐食。去年，该组织通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品，回收了超过807,500磅的食物，使它们不至于腐烂在地里。那么那些“草莓”呢?志愿者将其清洗、切割、冷冻或干燥,供以后食用。

像这样避免浪费的方法似乎显而易见，只是我们往往不去想。(27) 柯廷说，“在减少浪费方面，人人都可以发挥作用，无论是每周购物时适量购买食物，抑或是要求餐厅去掉你不会吃的配菜。”

（二）解析

24. B

本题询问作者讲述芝麻菜的故事是为了说明什么。根据题干中的the arugula story可定位到第1段。此段提到作者和大多数人一样，都关注食物浪费问题，但还是由于工作加班、朋友邀约吃饭以及购买数量过多而导致了大量芝麻菜变坏。由此我们得知虽然作者本意并不想浪费，但还是造成了浪费的事实，故B项“我们有时会无意间浪费食物”正确。

A项“我们很少关心食物浪费问题”与文章首句相悖，首句就提到多数人都会留意可能被浪费的食物；C项“我们浪费的蔬菜比肉多”不是芝麻菜故事要表达的重点，故排除；作者讲述芝麻菜故事不是为了给自己浪费食物找理由，故排除D项“我们浪费食物情有可原”。

25.B

本题询问根据文章信息食物浪费会导致什么后果。根据题干中的consequence of food waste可定位到第3段。根据第3段第2句可知，食物浪费会变成环境问题(an environmental problem),故B项“危害环境”正确。

第2段提到“浪费食物违背了道德准则(against the moral grain)”,可知“食物浪费”和“道德准则”二者是对立关系而非因果关系，浪费食物并不会导致道德败坏，故排除A项“道德败坏”；C项“能源短缺”是对wastes the... fuel”浪费燃料”的过度推断,故排除；第2段虽然提到世界上有很多人在挨饿，但这是既有事实，并不是食物浪费导致的，故排除D项“世界范围内的饥荒”。

26. D

本题询问柯廷的公司是做什么的。根据题干中的Curtin's company可定位到第4段。第4段第3句提到该组织“回收食物并将其加工成健康餐”(recovers food and turns it into healthy meals)。故D项“它用没人要的食物来制作餐食”正确。

A项“它生产厨房设备”、B项“它把腐烂的芝麻菜变成干净的燃料”、C项“它帮助当地农民种植水果”均为无中生有的信息，故排除。

27. A

本题询问柯廷建议人们怎么做。根据题干中的Curtin suggest可定位到最后一段。在这段中，柯廷给了两个建

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议：每周购物时按需购买；要求餐厅去掉不吃的配菜。A项“只买需要的东西”与第一个建议相符。

B项“减少食物消耗量”、C项“一周购物一次”和D项“少一些在餐馆吃饭”和最后一段所给的两个建议都不匹配， 故排除。

C

（一）译文

有个项目为住在伦敦疗养院的老人提供了一些母鸡，让他们照顾，防止他们感到孤独。

(28)这个项目是当地一家慈善机构设想出来的，旨在减少老年人的孤独感，提高他们的幸福感。该项目还被用来帮助痴呆症(一种严重的精神疾病)患者。在引进了母鸡的疗养院，工作人员报告说，老人的药物使用量有所减少。

80岁的露丝·泽维尔是该项目的参与者之一。她说：“我小时候养过母鸡，每天早上上学前都要为它们准备早餐。”

“我非常喜欢这个项目。早上我坐着轮椅赶母鸡出来，晚上看着它们回去睡觉。”

“有不同的东西可以关注是很好的。人们把孩子带进来看母鸡，住在这里的人也坐在外面看着它们。(29)我很享受这些有创意的活动，能做一些有用的事情让人感觉良好。”

目前，东北部地区已经有20家疗养院的700名老年人参与到照顾母鸡的项目中来，并且该机构已经获得财政支持，将项目推广到全国。

(30)彭福街60号的特别护理经理温迪·威尔逊是最先着手实施该项目的人之一，她说：“(31)居民们非常欢迎这个项目，喜欢它的创意活动。我们希望这个项目能让这里的人们乐于其中，有所收获。”

(30) (31)诺丁山之路的总监琳恩·刘易斯说：“我们很高兴能够参与其中。我们的居民将可以通过这个项目，通过养鸡这个共同爱好以及一些创造性活动，真正地建立起联系。”

（二）解析

28. D

本题询问这个项目的目的是什么。根据题干中的the purpose of the project可定位到第2段。此段中的to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s wellbeing“旨在减少孤独感,提高老年人的幸福感”表明了该项目的目的。D项“提升老年人的福祉”与原文语义相近， improve和promote、wellbeing和welfare均为同义替换,故D项正确。

A项“为了确保疗养院的和谐”和C项“为医学研究募集资金”在文中未提及，故排除；B项“为了给老年人提供兼职”与文意不符，文中只是提到该项目让老年人有事情可以做，但并不是做兼职。

29. B

本题询问该项目对露丝·泽维尔有何影响。根据题干中的Ruth Xavier可定位到第3、4、5段。根据第5段it feels great to have done something useful“能做一些有用的事情让人感觉良好”可知，该项目让露丝·泽维尔获得了成就感，故选B项“她获得了成就感”。

A项“她学会了新的生活技能”与第3段中I used to keep hens when I was younger“我小时候养过母鸡”相悖，故排除；C项“她恢复了记忆”和D项“她养成了坚强的个性”在文中均未提到，故排除。

30. C

本题询问第7段中的短语embark on的意思。第7段提到温迪·威尔逊的身份是特别护理经理，她是“第一批

embark on这个项目的人之一”。第8段引用了另一家疗养院的总监的话，这个总监提到他们很高兴能够参与到这个项目中。根据这2段相似的结构,可以推断embark on的意思和taking part in“参与”的意思接近，选项中只有C项“开始”能够表示温迪也一起实施了这个项目。embark on 的意思是“着手，开始”。

全文没有提到对母鸡项目的改进，故排除A项“改进，改善”；B项“反对”和D项“评估”均和taking part in的意思无关,故排除。

31. A

本题询问我们可以从最后两段中获得关于该项目的什么信息。最后两段分别引用了该项目的两位实施者对于项目的正面评价，温迪·威尔逊指出项目很受居民的欢迎(welcome)，琳恩·刘易斯则表示很高兴(happy)能参与到项目中，可知项目受到了广泛的认可，故选A项。

文中肯定了母鸡项目的创造性，B项“它需要更具有创造性”与文意相悖；C项“它利润很高”在最后两段未提及，

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且根据文中第2段首句，该项目为charity“慈善机构”提出的，故排除；D项“它需要很长时间才能够看到结果”在最后两段也没有提及，故排除。

D

（一）译文

人类语言中包含了2，000多种不同的声音，有常见的m和a，也有非洲南部某些语言中罕见的咔嗒声(吸气音)。但为什么某些声音比其他声音更常见呢?一项为期五年的突破性研究表明，饮食影响了人类咬合的变化，导致了新语音的产生，且目前世界上一半的语言中都可见这种新语音。

30多年前，学者查尔斯·霍凯特指出，被称为唇齿音的语音，如f和v，更常见于吃较软食物的社会的语言中。(32)如今，由瑞士苏黎世大学的道米安·布拉西领导的一个研究小组已经发现了这种趋势的形成过程和原因。

(33)他们发现，古代成年人类的上下门牙是对齐的，因此很难发出唇齿音，而唇齿音是通过下唇接触上牙发出的。后来，我们的上下颌变成了覆咬合(上牙突出盖在下牙上)结构，发出这种声音就更简单了。

研究小组表明，这种咬合变化与新石器时代农业的发展有关。此时食物变得更容易咀嚼。下颌骨不需要做那么多的工作，也就不会长得那么大了。

(34)对语言数据库的分析还证实，新石器时代之后，世界语言的语音产生了全球性变化，f和v的使用在过去几千年中显著增加。而这些声音在今天许多狩猎采集部落的语言中仍难寻踪迹。

这项研究推翻了一种流行的观点，即在大约30万年前人类进化时，所有的语音都是存在的。研究小组成员史蒂文·莫兰说：“(35)自人类出现以来，我们使用的语音并不是一直稳定不变的，可以说我们今天所发现的各种语音是生物变化和文明演变等复杂相互作用的产物。”

（二）解析 32．D

本题询问道米安·布拉西的研究重点是人类语音中的哪个方面。根据题干中的Damián Blasi可定位到第2段。此段最后一句表明该研究小组发现了这种趋势(在吃较软食物的社会的语言中唇齿音更为常见)是如何并且为什么会产生的。也就是说他的团队关注的是人类语音的发展过程，即D 项“它的发展过程”。

A项“它的多样性”、B项“它的分布”和C 项“它的数量”在文中均未找到相关信息，故排除。

33. C

本题询问古代成年人类难以发出唇齿音的原因。根据题干中的ancient human adults可定位到第3段。分析第3段首句可知，古代成人上下门牙是对齐的，所以难以发出唇齿音，而当上下颌变成了覆咬合结构之后就容易了，由此可知，唇齿音能否发出取决于人类的上下门牙或上下颌的结构，C项“他们的上下颌构造不利于发出唇齿音”与此相一致。

A项“他们的上牙比下牙少”、B项“他们不能轻易地张开和合上嘴唇”和D项“他们的下门牙不够大”都不是文中提到的古代成年人类难以发出唇齿音的原因。

34. A

本题询问第5段的段落大意。该段提到，对语言数据库的分析还证实，新石器时代之后，世界语言的语音产生了全球性变化，接着以f和v的使用举例。由此可知，该段是通过数据论据来论证研究结果的正确性，故A项“支持研究结果的证据”正确。

B项“研究结果的潜在应用”、C项“进一步阐释研究方法”在文中均未提及；第5段也并未提出质疑，故排除D 项“研究过程的一种合理质疑”。

35. C

本题询问史蒂文·莫兰对于人类的语音持什么看法。根据题干中的Steven Moran可以定位到最后一段。史蒂文·莫兰认为人类的语音并不是一直保持稳定的，今天的各种语音也是生物变化和文明演变等复杂相互作用的产物。由此可见，C项“这是一个复杂的动态系统”与之相对应。

A项“它是有效沟通的关键”、B项“它促进了文化的多样性”和D项“它促进了人类的进化”都不是史蒂文·莫兰对于人类的语音的看法。

第二节

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（一） 译文

《健身》杂志最近发表了一篇题为“感谢健身搭档的五个理由”的文章。其中一个原因是：“如果你知道有人在健身房等你，你就不会缺席”，还有一个原因是：“(36)如果你和别人一起训练，你会更加努力。”有了健身搭档，你会更加努力训练，因为你们之间存在微妙的竞争。

那么，你该怎样找到健身搭档呢?

首先，你要弄清楚你想通过搭档获得什么。(37)你想在你最喜欢的运动领域成为一名更好的运动员?又或者你只是想保持身体健康，能够拥有更好的力量和柔韧性?想一想你想要和健身搭档一起进行的锻炼内容。

你可能会考虑在社交媒体上发帖寻找你想要的搭档，但你不一定会获得满意的回复。(38)健身搭档通常需要住在附近。如果你计划在某个健身房锻炼，那么这个人也必须在同一个健身房。

我的搭档当初把她的寻人要求张贴在了当地公园的布告栏上。她在告示中写了她想做什么样的训练，每周训练多少天，每次课要花多少小时，以及她的年龄。还列出了她最喜欢的运动和活动，并提供了她的电话号码。(39)任何针对健身搭档的告示都应包括此类信息。

你和你的搭档可能会有不同的技能。(40)接受你们的差异，学会相互合作。久而久之，你们双方都会受益——你的搭档能够举起更多的重量，你的身体也会变得更加健康。维持你们之间关系的核心就是要一直互帮互助。

（二）解析 36. C

本段空格前提到感谢健身搭档的五个理由，其中一个是“如果你知道有人在健身房等你，你就不会缺席”,由while another read“另一个原因写道”可知，空格处的内容应该是另一个理由，C项“如果你和别人一起训练，你会更努力”也可以作为感谢健身搭档的理由。空格后一句提到increase your training effort“更加努力训练”,照应了C项中的work harder,符合文章行文逻辑,故选C项。

37. D

前面提到找健身搭档首先要确定你想获得什么，根据空格后句子Or do you just want to... flexibility?“又或者你 只是想……柔韧性”可推测空格处和它是并列关系，都列举了健身的目标。因此，可缩小判断范围，推测空格处为并列疑问句，故D项“你想在你最喜欢的运动领域成为一名更好的运动员吗?”符合题意。

E项虽然也是疑问句，但是和空格后句子不同，属于特殊疑问句，而且在语义上与本段并无关联，故排除。

38. B

空格后的句子讲到如果你打算在健身房锻炼，你和健身搭档一定得在同一个健身房，由此可推测出，空格处的内容可能和健身搭档的距离远近有关，B 项“健身搭档通常需要住在附近”符合题意。

39. G

本段开头提到我的健身搭档把她的寻人要求张贴在了当地公园的布告栏上，接下来又对告示的内容做了具体的介绍。G项出现了本段关键词notice，且such information显然是对前文所讲内容的总结，其句意为“任何健身搭档的告示都应包括这些信息”，与上文告示的内容形成了紧密的顺承关系，故G项正确。

40. F

空格前作者提到“你和你的搭档可能拥有不同的技能”，空格后提到“久而久之，你们双方都会受益”，空格前后明显涉及的是两个不同的方面，所以空格句一定起着承上启下的作用。F项中的differences 呼应了空格前的different skills, work with each other呼应了段末的help each other,故F项“接受你们的不同，学会彼此合作”正确。

第三部分 语言运用

第一节

（一） 译文

在过去的十年里，我的丈夫、我们的孩子和我一起有过许多精彩的露营经历。

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我们有一些很有趣的(41)回忆，尤其是在我们的孩子还很小的时候。有一次，我们沿着白垩溪(42)露营。因为(43)担心我们15个月大的孩子会掉进小溪里，我在他的腰上系了一根绳子，不让他离我们营地太远。大概过了十分钟左右，他感到很(44)不舒服，哭声响彻了整个营地。所以我(45)没有继续绑着他，而只是密切关注着他。办法挺(46)有效的，他没有掉进小溪里。然而，我三岁的儿子却掉进去了。

还有一次，我们在瓦莱西托湖租了一艘船。我们(47)出发的时候，天空很晴朗，但山中暴风雨来势汹汹，很快(48)中断了我们平静的清晨之旅。狂(49)风大作，雷声轰鸣。我丈夫停止钓鱼，准备(50)发动马达。第一次没反应，他又试了一次，(51)运气还是不行。马达失灵，我们被困在了湖中，只能(52)无助地坐船上。此时，一个渔夫停了下来，扔给我们一根绳子，把我们拖了回去。我们(53)安全了。

现在，每年我丈夫把露营车从车库里拉出来时，我们都()兴奋不已，期待着接下来我们可能体验到的露营乐趣和(55)冒险。

（二）解析 41. C

根据第2段的Once及第3段的Another time 可知作者是在回忆一家人的露营经历，故C项memories“回忆”符合语境。idea想法,观点;joke 玩笑;discovery发现。 42. A

根据第1段中的wonderful camping experiences “精彩的露营经历”和下文的his crying let the whole campground know it“他的哭声响彻了整个营地”可推测，作者一家是在白垩溪岸边露营，故选A项camped。drive开车;walk走路;cycle骑车。 43. D

根据下一句可知，作者之所以拿绳子绑在他身上，是因为担心儿子会掉进小溪里，故选D项worried“担心的”。annoyed恼怒的;surprised惊讶的;disappointed失望的。 44. C

联系下文的his crying和上文的tied a rope可推测孩子哭泣的原因是被绳子绑得不舒服，故C项uncomfortable“不舒服的”符合语境。unhurt未受伤的,安然无恙;unfortunate不幸的;unafraid不害怕的。 45. B

上文写孩子哭声响彻了整个营地，根据空格前的So“因此”可推测下文会提到作者采取的解决办法。结合下文的I just kept a close eye on him“只是密切关注着他”可推测作者的解决办法就是给孩子解开绳子，只是紧盯着他，避免孩子掉进小溪。所以，B项instead of“代替；而不是……”符合语境。due to由于;apart from除了;as for对于,至于。 46. A

根据下一句he didn't end up in the creek“他没有掉进小溪”可知，紧盯着孩子起了作用，故A项worked“起作用”正确。happen发生;matter紧要,重要;change改变。 47. D

本段先后出现了三种天气变化:The sky was clear“天气晴朗”, storms move in fast in the mountains——暴风雨从山里向瓦莱西托湖移动，以及后来的thunder rolled“雷声轰鸣”。可推测本段是顺叙记事，因此“天气晴朗”应该是刚出发的时候，故D项headed off“出发”符合题意。sign up报名;calm down(使)平静,镇静;check out结账离开(旅馆等)。 48. B

根据上文可知，作者一家出发时天气晴朗，理想中本该是一次平静的清晨之旅，但接着暴风雨袭来，因此空格处应填入表示“破坏性影响”的动词，故B项interrupted“打断”符合语境。arrange安排;complete完成;record记录。 49. A

根据上一句中的storms move in fast以及本句thunder rolled可推测此处描写暴风雨来临的场景。空格句含两个并列的主谓结构：picked up“增加”和rolled“(雷声)轰鸣”，空格处填入的词语和thunder“雷声”应属于同类事物，可推测空格处填入“风”“雨”“闪电”等名词。故A项wind“风”符合语境。noise噪音;temperature温度;speed速度。 50. C

根据下文的We were stuck... with a dead motor“马达失灵，我们被困在了湖中”可推测此处应该是作者的丈夫尝试启动船上的发动机，但后来失败了,故选C项start“启动”。find找到;hide躲藏;fix安装;修理。 51. A

根据下一句We were stuck... dead motor可知作者一家被困在湖，是因为前文两次尝试启动发动机都失败了。根据语境推测空格句可能是“没有办法”或者“没有运气”，故A项luck“运气”符合题意。answer回答;wonder惊奇;signal信号。 52. D

根据上文可知，作者一家被困在了湖，因此他们坐在那里，且此时他们并不知道有人会来救他们,所以会

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感到无助,故选D项helplessly。patiently耐心地;tirelessly不辞辛劳地;doubtfully 怀疑地，迟疑地。 53. C

根据上一句中的a fisherman... towed us back 可知，他们的船被一位渔民拖到了岸边，即他们安全了,故选C项safe“安全的”。sorry抱歉的;brave勇敢的;right正确的。 . D

根据下文的wondering what camping fun...experience next可知,他们好奇接下来的露营会经历什么有趣的事情，因此推测心情应该是兴奋不已的,故选D项excitement“激动,兴奋”。relief宽慰,解脱;duty职责;pride骄傲,自豪。 55. B

根据上文作者的两次回忆可知，露营非常有趣，但同时也会有意想不到的危险发生，故B项adventure“冒险”符合题意。failure失败;performance表演,表现;conflict矛盾,冲突。

第二节

（一）译文

中国最近敲定了建立大熊猫国家公园(GPNP)的计划。GPNP(56)占地面积约为美国黄石国家公园的三倍(57) (大小)，将是国内首批国家公园之一。该计划将把保护范围扩大到许多以前未(58)受保护的地区，并将许多现有的大熊猫保护区置于一个部门的管理之下，以(59)提高效率，减少管理上的分歧。

经过三年的试点，GPNP将于明年正式成立。GPNP的(60)设计体现了“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，(61)并为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产” 的指导原则。GPNP 的主要目标是改善不同大熊猫(62)种群和家园之间的连通性，并(63)最终达到理想的野生种群水平。

大熊猫也()作为伞护种为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物提供保护。GPNP旨在为生活在大熊猫自然生长区内的(65)所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区生态系统的健康状况。

（二）解析

56. Covering： 本句逗号前的部分作状语,主语the GPNP 与动词cover构成逻辑上的主动关系，因此此处应填现在分词covering。句首空格首字母大写。

57. the： 本句中的times在此表示“倍数”,“A+(be)+倍数+the size/height/length···+of B”结构,表示“A是B的……倍”，故此处应用定冠词the。

58. were： 根据句子结构可知, that... unprotected为定语从句修饰先行词areas，且areas相当于从句主语，空格处则缺少复数形式的谓语动词。空格后的previously“以前，先前”提示此处用一般过去时were，表示过去某个时间存在的状态。

59. to increase： 分析结构可知,空格处是现在分词短语bringing... in management中的一部分,此处为不定式短语作目的状语，表示“为了提高……”，故填入to increase。

60. is designed： 根据句子结构可知,句子主语是The GPNP,此处缺少谓语动词,因主语The GPNP与动词design之间构成动宾关系，且句子陈述的是现在的状态，因此用一般现在时的被动语态。

61. and： 此处protecting the... ecosystems、preserving...diversity、protecting... zones和leaving...generations是四个并列成分,均为the guiding principle of中介词of的宾语,故用并列连词and。

62. populations： 本句中population表示“某领域的生物，族群”，是可数名词，再根据空格后的并列成分homes可知,此处应填population的复数形式。 63. eventually： 分析句子结构可知，此处应用副词作状语修饰谓语动词achieve,故应填eventually,意为“最后,终于”。 . as： 固定搭配serve as意为“充当/担任”。umbrella species “伞护种”。伞护种是指其生存环境可以满足很多其他物种要求的物种，如果伞护种的生存环境得到保护，其他物种也能享受到相应的保护。

65. that： 观察句子可知，空格前为完整的句子，且空格后动词live的发出者不是空格前句子的主语The GPNP而是名词species，故判断为定语从句。此处缺少定语从句关系代词，在句中作主语，先行词由all修饰时,关系词一般用that。

第四部分 写作

第一节

参考范文：

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Dear Caroline,

I'm Li Hua, head of the English program “Talk and Talk\". I'm writing to invite you to our live interview.

“Talk and Talk” is a weekly broadcast program produced by our school's Broadcasting Station. It focuses on various hot topics that students may be concerned about, ranging from music to study strategies, and is intended to expose us students to authentic English. This Friday we'd like you to join our program and share with us some tips on how to practice oral English.

It would be highly appreciated if you could accept the invitation. Looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

第二节

参考范文：

We sat down next to each other, but David wouldn't look at me. It was really a tricky moment, calling for a good choice of words. Having thought it over, I talked about my own course of hard struggle as a child and mentioned his daily hard training. His face began to lighten. When I reminded him of those unforgettable events which won people’s praise for his determination and perseverance, he smiled and added that he did feel proud sometimes. The whistle went off, and the competitors began to take their places. To my joy, David slowly rose to his feet.

I watched David moving up to the starting line with the other runners. He looked back at me, and I gave him a thumbs-up. Hardly had the starter's gun shot when David tottered forward with the other kids. Soon he was left behind. About half an hour later, nearly all the runners finished their race. However, as he finally came into sight, the audience burst into thunderous cheers and applause.He didn't win the game, but he achieved his best record ever and won the

respect of everybody. I know that with the power to conquer himself, he can conquer anything on the way to a promising future.

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