2015年考研英语一真题及答案解析完整版

Section1UseofEnglish

Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

Thoughnotbiologicallyrelated,friendsareas\"related\"asfourthcousins,sharingabout1%ofgenes.Thatis1astudypublishedfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaandYaleUniversityintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,has2。

Thestudyisagenome-wideanalysisconducted31932uniquesubjectswhich4pairsofunrelatedfriendsandunrelatedstrangers.Thesamepeoplewereusedinboth5。

While1%mayseem6,itisnotsotoageneticist.Asco-authorofthestudyJamesFowler,professorofmedicalgeneticsatUCSanDiegosays,\"Mostpeopledonoteven7theirfourthcousinsbutsomehowmanagetoselectasfriendsthepeoplewho8ourkin.\"

Theteamalsodevelopeda\"friendshipscore\"whichcanpredictwhowillbeyourfriendbasedontheirgenes。

Thestudy9foundthatthegenesforsmellweresomethingsharedinfriendsbutnotgenesforimmunity.Whythissimilarityinolfactorygenesisdifficulttoexplain,fornow.10,astheteamsuggests,itdrawsustosimilarenvironmentsbutthereismore11it.Therecouldbemanymechanismsworkingintandemthat12usinchoosinggeneticallysimilarfriends13than\"functionalkinship\"ofbeingfriendswith14!

Oneoftheremarkablefindingsofthestudywasthatthesimilargenesseemtobeevolving15thanothergenes.Studyingthiscouldhelp16whyhumanevolutionpickedpaceinthelast30,000years,withsocialenvironmentbeingamajor17factor。

Thefindingsdonotsimplycorroboratepeople’s18tobefriendthoseofsimilar19backgrounds,saytheresearchers.ThoughallthesubjectsweredrawnfromapopulationofEuropeanextraction,carewastakento20thatallsubjects,friendsandstrangersweretakenfromthesamepopulation.Theteamalsocontrolledthedatatocheckancestryofsubjects。

1AwhatBwhyChowDwhen

2AdefendedBconcludedCwithdrawnDadvised3AforBwithCbyDon4AseparatedBsoughtCcomparedDconnected5AtestsBobjectsCsamplesDexamples6AinsignificantBunexpectedCunreliableDincredible7AvisitBmissCknowDseek

8AsurpassBinfluenceCfavorDresemble9AagainBalsoCinsteadDthus

10AMeanwhileBFurthermoreCLikewiseDPerhaps11AaboutBtoCfromDlike12AlimitBobserveCconfuseDdrive13AaccordingtoBratherthanCregardlessofDalongwith14AchancesBresponsesCbenefitsDmissions15AfasterBslowerClaterDearlier16AforecastBrememberCexpressDunderstand17AunpredictedBcontributoryCcontrollableDdisruptive

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考 研 内 幕 爆 料

后记：为什么而考研？

你知道自己为什么而选择考研？是为了不想就业选择考研？是为了跟别人比较不满足于现在的学历和学校而选择考研？是为了继续提高自己的专业能力，将来更好的工作或者出国而考研？总之每个人都有自己的目的，木哥希望大家目标很明确而且是积极向上的，否则就不要去做！

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作者木哥，硕士毕业，2012年从事长虹手机软件工程师工作，历任软件研发经理，采购课长，网络运营总监。目前自主创业，团队12年营业额1200W，目前已经在15考研中开始招募项目团队。木哥本人获评百度考研认证作家，继续为考研者引路导航。QQ&个人1300331396，微信公众号 aibacan

木哥考研专栏：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｕｓｅｒ．ｑｚｏｎｅ．ｑｑ．ｃｏｍ／１３００３３１３９６／

18AtendencyBdecisionCarrangementDendeavor19ApoliticalBreligiousCethnicDeconomic20AseeBshowCproveDtell答案解析1、Awhat本句的句意是：这就是加利福尼亚大学和耶鲁大学在美国国家科学院报告上联合发表的研究成果。第一个空考察表语从句的引导词。

2、Bconcluded本句的句意是：这就是加利福尼亚大学和耶鲁大学在美国国家科学院报告上联合发表的研究成果。第二个空为针对从句谓语进行的词义考察。

3、Don本句前半句的句意是：这项研究是一个基于1932个独特个体的基因组广谱分析。考察Conducton词组，进行。从句意为：它对成对儿的非亲缘朋友和陌生人进行比较。

4、Ccompared比较，根据上下文及后一句的same知道，比较为最佳。5、Csamples词义题，样本，C为最佳选项。

6、Ainsignificant词义题，1%，以及后面的notso转折，判断，Ainsignificant不显著，为最佳选项。

7、Cknow句意为：一些人虽然并不认识他们的表亲，但他们选择的朋友却和这些亲戚颇有相似之处。

8、Dresemble词义题，和上一个空形成转折。9、Balso上下文逻辑题，发现了，还发现了。Also为最佳选项。10、DPerhaps结合上下文：这一现象很难解释，后面接原因，原因“可能”是……最符合文章大意。

11、Bto介词题，意为：就像这个科研团队所发现的，这个因素不仅把我们带到详细的环境中来，更有一些深层次的影响。

12、Ddrive词义题，根据上下文，对我们产生影响，驱使我们……drive为最佳选项。13、Bratherthan逻辑题，基因上相似的，功能上相似的，二者对立不能同时存在，ratherthan不是…而是最符合。

14、Cbenefits跟“功能”搭配，选个褒义词，带来好处的，最佳。

15、Afaster词义题，根据后半句解释，这就是为什么“pickedpace”加速，这里只能选faster，一些比另外一些进化得更快，符合文意。

16、Dunderstand词义题，这个研究可以帮助我们理解一个事实。

17、Bcontributory本句意为：社会环境是最主要的一个因素。Contributory贡献，最佳。18、Atendency结合文章主旨，选择基因相似的人做朋友是普遍现象，tendency趋势倾向最符合。

19、Cethnic同义替换，基因背景相似，种族的，民族的，最符合。20、Asee本句意为：尽管所有的研究对象都取自欧洲血统，研究者也花心思确保了所有(用于比对的)朋友和陌生人也源自该血统中的同一支系。

SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartA

Directions：Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

Text1

KingJuanCarlosofSpainonceinsistedkingsdon’tabdicate,theydieintheirsleep.ButembarrassingscandalsandthepopularityoftherepublicanleftintherecentEuro-electionshaveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown.So,diestheSpanishcrisissuggestthatmonarchyisseeingitslastdays?DoesthatmeantheunitingisonthewallforallEuropeanroyals,withtheir

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magnificentuniformsandmajesticlifestyles?

TheSpanishcasepreviousargumentsbothforandagainstmonarchywhenpublicopinionisparticularly.Polarized,asitwasfollowingtheendoftheFranceregime,monarchscanriseabove“mere”politicsand“embody”aspiritofnationalunity。

Itisthisapparenttranscendenceofpoliticsthatexplainsmonarchscontinuingpopularityasheadsofstates.Andso,theMiddleEastexpected,Europeisthemostmonarch-infestedregionistheworld,with10kingdomsnotcountingVaticancityandAndorra.ButunliketheirabsolutistcounterpartsintheGulfandAsia,mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectpublicfigure。

Evenso,kingsandqueensundoubtedlyhaveadownside,symbolicofnationalunityastheyclaimtobe,theirveryhistory—andsometimesthewaytheybehavetoday-embodiesoutdatedandindefensibleprivilegesandinequalities.AtatimewhenThomesPikettyandotherecumenistsarewarningofrisinginequalityandtheincreasingpowerofinheritedwealth,itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticstates.Themostsuccessfulmonarchiesstrivetoabandonorhidetheiroldaristocraticways.Princeandprincesshaveday-jobsandridebicycles,nothorses(orhelicopters).Evenso,thesearewealthyfamilieswhopartywiththeinternational1%，andmediaintrusivenessmakesitincreasinglydifficulttomaintaintherightimage。

WhileEurope’smonarchieswillnodoubtbesmartenoughtostriveforsometimetocome,itistheBritishroyalswhohavemosttofearfromtheSpanishexample。

ItisonlytheQueenwhohaspreservedthemonarchyreputationwithherratherordinary(ifwell-healed)grannystyle.ThedangerwillcomewithCharles,whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyleandaprettyhierarchicalviewoftheworld.Hehasfailedtounderstandthatmonarchieshavelargelysurvivedbecausetheyprovideaservice—asnon-controversialandnon-politicalheadsofstate.CharlesoughttoknowthatasEnglishhistoryshows,itiskingsofrepublicans,whoarethemonarchy’sworstenemies。

21、accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,kingJuanCarlofspan[A]usedtoenjoyhighpublicsupport

[B]wasunpopularamongEuropeanroyals[C]endedhisreigninembarrassment[D]easedhisrelationshipwithhisrivals

22、monarchsarekeptasheadofstateinEuropemostly[A]owingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus[B]toachieveabalancebetweentraditionandreality[C]togivevotersmorepublicfigurestolookupto[D]duetotheireverlastingpoliticalembodiment

23.Whichofthefollowingisshowntobeodd,accordingtoParagraph4?[A]Aristocrats’excessiverelianceoninheritedwealth。[B]Thesimplelifestyleofthearistocraticfamilies。[C]Theroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracies。[D]Thenobility’sadherencetotheirprivileges。

24.TheBritishroyals“havemosttofear”becauseCharles[A]takesatoughlineonpoliticalissues。[B]failstochangehislifestyleasadvised。

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[C]takesrepublicansashispotentialallies。[D]failstoadapthimselftohisfuturerole。

25.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?[A]Carlos,GloryandDisgraceCombined

[B]Carlos,aLessonforAllEuropeanMonarchs[C]Charles,SlowtoReacttotheComingThreats[D]Charles,AnxioustoSucceedtotheThrone解析：

21Dendedhisreigninembarrassment此题属于细节题。

根据关键词KingJuanCarlosofSpain定位到第一段第一和第二句。Butembarrassingscandals…haveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown.此处standdown译为放弃席位。因此Dendedhisreigninembarrassment是原文内容的同义替换。

22Aowingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus此题属于细节题。

根据关键词定位到第三段第一句itisthisapparent…thatexplains…asheadsofstate。和第三句Butunliketheirabsolutist…mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchfor...respectedpublicfigure.绝大多数皇室家族使得选民避免了寻找受人尊敬的公众人物的麻烦。因此Aowingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus是原文内容的同义替换。

23Btheroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracies此题属于细节题。

根据关键词定位到第四段最后一句话…itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticstates奇怪的是有钱的贵族家庭仍然处于现代民主国家的核心地位。因此Btheroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracies是原文内容的同义替换。

24Bfailstochangehislifestyleasadvised此题属于细节题。根据关键词”havemostoffear”定位到第六段，Charles定位到最后一段的地二句Charles后面who引导定语从句whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyleand…world因此Bfailstochangehislifestyleasadvised是原文内容的同义替换。

25CCarlos，aLessonforAllEuropeanMonarchs此题属于全文主旨题。着眼全文，通篇都在围绕monarchs展开。第一段由Carlos引出当今君主制面临的危机。因此Carlos，aLessonforAllEuropeanMonarchs是全文内容的精确概括。

Text2

JusthowmuchdoestheConstitutionprotectyourdigitaldata?TheSupremeCourtwillnowconsiderwhetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawarrantifthephoneisonoraroundapersonduringanarrest。

Californiahasaskedthejusticestorefrainfromasweepingruling,particularlyonethatupsetstheoldassumptionsthatauthoritiesmaysearchthroughthepossessionsofsuspectsatthetimeoftheirarrest.Itishard,thestateargues,forjudgestoassesstheimplicationsofnewandrapidlychangingtechnologies。

ThecourtwouldberecklesslymodestifitfollowedCalifornia’sadvice.Enoughofthe

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implicationsarediscernable,evenobvious,sothatthejusticecanandshouldprovideupdatedguidelinestopolice,lawyersanddefendants。

TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCalifornia’slameargumentthatexploringthecontentsofasmartphone--avaststorehouseofdigitalinformationissimilartosay,goingthroughasuspect’spurse.Thecourthasruledthatpolicedon'tviolatetheFourthAmendmentwhentheygothroughthewalletorpocketbook,ofanarresteewithoutawarrant.Butexploringone’ssmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome.Asmartphonemaycontainanarrestee’sreadinghistory,financialhistory,medicalhistoryandcomprehensiverecordsofrecentcorrespondence.Thedevelopmentof“cloudcomputing,”meanwhile,hasmadethatexplorationsomuchtheeasier。

ButthejusticesshouldnotswallowCalifornia’sargumentwhole.New,disruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitution’sprotections.OrinKerr,alawprofessor,comparestheexplosionandaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21stcenturywiththeestablishmentofautomobileuseasadigitalnecessityoflifeinthe20th:Thejusticeshadtospecifynovelrulesforthenewpersonaldomainofthepassengercarthen;theymustsortouthowtheFourthAmendmentappliestodigitalinformationnow。

26.TheSupremeCourt,willworkoutwhether,duringanarrest,itislegitimateto[A]searchforsuspects’mobilephoneswithoutawarrant。[B]checksuspects’phonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized。[C]preventsuspectsfromdeletingtheirphonecontents。[D]prohibitsuspectsfromusingtheirmobilephones。

27.Theauthor’sattitudetowardCalifornia’sargumentisoneof[A]tolerance。[B]indifference。[C]disapproval。[D]cautiousness。

28.Theauthorbelievesthatexploringone’sphonecontentiscomparableto[A]gettingintoone’sresidence。[B]handingone’shistoricalrecords。[C]scanningone’scorrespondences。[D]goingthroughone’swallet。

29.InParagraph5and6,theauthorshowshisconcernthat[A]principlesarehardtobeclearlyexpressed。[B]thecourtisgivingpolicelessroomforaction。[C]phonesareusedtostoresensitiveinformation。[D]citizens’privacyisnoteffectiveprotected。30.OrinKerr’scomparisonisquotedtoindicatethat(A)theConstitutionshouldbeimplementedflexibly。

(B)NewtechnologyrequiresreinterpretationoftheConstitution。(C)California’sargumentviolatesprinciplesoftheConstitution。(D)PrinciplesoftheConstitutionshouldneverbealtered。T2

26答案Bchecksuspects’phonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized

解析：细节题。根据自然段定位原则，定位到首段。根据题干关键词supremecourt，whether精确定位到第一段最后一句whetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobile

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phone….，与选项进行对应，即为B在不授权的情况下检查嫌疑人的电话信息。注意A选项应是searchcontents。

27答案Cdisapproval

解析：态度题。根据题干California’sargument定位到第二段最后一句及第三段首句，这些句子中提到hard…recklesslymodest…等负向词，表达的是负面态度。看选项属于负面的就是disapproval。A容忍，B冷漠是典型错误，D粗心。

28答案Agettingintoone’sresidence

解析：细节题。题干问：作者认为搜索电话薄就相当于什么？根据段落界定原则定位到第四段转折处，提到Butexploringone’ssmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome。与选项对应，A中的residence对应home，是原文的同意替换。注意D选项不是作者的观点，不能将文中人物观点当作作者观点。

29答案Dcitizens’privacyisnoteffectiveprotected

解析：细节题。根据题干定位到5段和6段，题干问作者最关注的是什么，即是相应段落的段落中心。因此，该题表面是细节题，实质为段落核心。5段首句为中心句提到，应采取措施保护数据隐私；6段又继续陈述原则的不恰当之处。根据这些内容，对应答案D市民隐私未能得到有效保护。

30答案BNewtechnologyrequiresreinterpretationoftheConstitution

解析：例证题。题干问的是引用OrinKerr的目的是什么，即OrinKerr是论据，其目的是论点。论点往往在论据的前面，所以要找例子前面的一句话，即New,disruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitution’sprotections。与选项对应，就是Bnewtechnology是原词复现，require等同于demands，reinterpretationoftheConstitution同义替换applicationsoftheConstitution’sprotections。

Text3

ThejournalScienceisaddinganextraroundofstatisticalcheckstoitspeer-reviewprocess,editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNuttannouncedtoday.Thepolicyfollowssimilareffortsfromotherjournals,afterwidespreadconcernthatbasicmistakesindataanalysisarecontributingtotheirreproducibilityofmanypublishedresearchfindings。

“Readersmusthaveconfidenceintheconclusionspublishedinourjournal,”writesMcNuttinaneditorial.WorkingwiththeAmericanStatisticalAssociation,thejournalhasappointedsevenexpertstoastatisticsboardofreviewingeditors(SBoRE).Manuwillbeflaggedupforadditionalscrutinybythejournal’sinternaleditors,orbyitsexistingBoardofReviewingEditorsorbyoutsidepeerreviewers.TheSBoREpanelwillthenfindexternalstatisticianstoreviewthesemanuscripts。

Askedwhetheranyparticularpapershadimpelledthechange,McNuttsaid:“Thecreationofthe‘statisticsboard’wasmotivatedbyconcernsbroadlywiththeapplicationofstatisticsanddataanalysisinscientificresearchandispartofScience’soveralldrivetoincreasereproducibilityintheresearchwepublish。”

GiovanniParmigiani,abiostatisticianattheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealth,amemberoftheSBoREgroup,saysheexpectstheboardto“playprimarilyanadvisoryrole。”Heagreedtojoinbecausehe“foundtheforesightbehindtheestablishmentoftheSBoREtobenovel,uniqueandlikelytohavealastingimpact.ThisimpactwillnotonlybethroughthepublicationsinScienceitself,buthopefullythroughalargergroupofpublishingplacesthatmaywanttomodeltheirapproachafterScience。”

31.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraphIthat

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[A]Scienceintendstosimplifyitspeer-reviewprocess。[B]journalsarestrengtheningtheirstatisticalchecks。[C]fewjournalsareblamedformistakesindataanalysis。[D]lackofdataanalysisiscommoninresearchprojects。

32.Thephrase‘flaggedup”(Para.2)istheclosestinmeaningto[A]found。[B]revised。[C]marked[D]stored

33.GiovanniParmigianibelievesthattheestablishmentoftheSBoREmay[A]poseathreattoallitspeers[B]meetwithstrongopposition

[C]increaseScience’scirculation。[D]setanexampleforotherjournals

34.DavidVauxholdsthatwhatScienceisdoingnowA.addstoresearchers’workload。B.diminishestheroleofreviewers。C.hasroomforfurtherimprovement。D.istofailintheforeseeablefuture。

35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?A.ScienceJoinsPushtoScreenStatisticsinPapersB.ProfessionalStatisticiansDeserveMoreRespectC.DataAnalysisFindsItsWayontoEditors’DesksD.StatisticiansAreComingBackwithScienceText3

31.答案Bjournalsarestrengtheningtheirstatisticalchecks段落推断题考查的是段落中心句，定位在首段首句ThejournalScienceisaddinganextrasourceatPeer-reviewprocess,editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNottannouncedtoday.《科学》杂志将要对同行评审过程增加额外的资源。与选项B同意替换。

32.答案Cmarked词义句意题根据所猜短语flaggedup所在句子的句意，手稿将被flaggedup以供杂志编辑、现有的编辑评审委员会或外部同行审查。比较四个选项，只有Cmarked被标记，符合题意。

33.答案Dsetanexampleforotherjournals观点细节题定位在四段末句ThisimpactwillnotonlybethroughthepublicationsinScienceitself,buthopefullythroughalargergroupofpublishingplacesthatmaywanttomodeltheirapproachafterScience.这不仅对于《科学》杂志本身的出版有影响，还有希望影响其它的出版社，这些出版社想继《科学》杂志之后树立自己的典型形象。选项D是这句话的概括总结。

34.答案Dhasroomforfurtherimprovement观点细节题定位在末段末句，VauxsaysthatScience’sideatopasssomepaperstostatisticians“hassomemerit,butaweaknessisthat..。.”Vaux认为《科学》杂志的想法有一些好处，但是有个缺点是..。.这就说明这个想法是有进一步改进的空间的。

35.答案AScienceJoinsPushtoScreenStatisticsinPapers主旨大意题本文首段首句就是全文主题句，《科学》杂志将要对同行评审过程增加额外的资源，而且全文其它各个段落都在围绕对这一想法不同专家的不同态度在论述，所以选项A是对全文中心的完整表达。

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Text4

Twoyearsago,RupertMurdoch’sdaughter,Elisabeth,spokeofthe“unsettlingdearthofintegrityacrosssomanyofourinstitutions”.Integrityhadcollapsed,sheargued,becauseofacollectiveacceptancethattheonly“sortingmechanism”insocietyshouldbeprofitandthemarket.But“it’sus,humanbeings,wethepeoplewhocreatethesocietywewant,notprofit”。

Drivingherpointhome,shecontinued:“It’sincreasinglyapparentthattheabsenceofpurpose,ofamorallanguagewithingovernment,mediaorbusinesscouldbecomeoneofthemostdangerousgoalsforcapitalismandfreedom。”ThissameabsenceofmoralpurposewaswoundingcompaniessuchasNewsInternational,shethought,makingitmorelikelythatitwouldloseitswayasithadwithwidespreadillegaltelephonehacking。

Asthehackingtrialconcludes—findingguiltyoneex-editoroftheNewsoftheWorld,AndyCoulson,forconspiringtohackphones,andfindinghispredecessor,RebekahBrooks,innocentofthesamecharge—thewiderissueofdearthofintegritystillstands.Journalistsareknowntohavehackedthephonesofupto5,500people.Thisishackingonanindustrialscale,aswasacknowledgedbyGlennMulcaire,themanhiredbytheNewsoftheWorldin2001tobethepointpersonforphonehacking.Othersawaittrial.Thissagastillunfolds。

Inmanyrespects,thedearthofmoralpurposeframesnotonlythefactofsuchwidespreadphonehackingbutthetermsonwhichthetrialtookplace.OneoftheastonishingrevelationswashowlittleRebekahBrooksknewofwhatwentoninhernewsroom,howlittleshethoughttoaskandthefactthatsheneverinquiredhowthestoriesarrived.Thecoreofhersuccessfuldefensewasthatsheknewnothing。

Intoday’sworld,ithasbecomenormalthatwell-paidexecutivesshouldnotbeaccountableforwhathappensintheorganizationsthattheyrun.Perhapsweshouldnotbesosurprised.Forageneration,thecollectivedoctrinehasbeenthatthesortingmechanismofsocietyshouldbeprofit.Thewordsthathavematteredareefficiency,flexibility,shareholdervalue,business-friendly,wealthgeneration,sales,impactand,innewspapers,circulation.Wordsdegradedtothemarginhavebeenjustice,fairness,tolerance,proportionalityandaccountability。

ThepurposeofeditingtheNewsoftheWorldwasnottopromotereaderunderstanding,tobefairinwhatwaswrittenortobetrayanycommonhumanity.Itwastoruinlivesinthequestforcirculationandimpact.MsBrooksmayormaynothavehadsuspicionsabouthowherjournalistsgottheirstories,butsheaskednoquestions,gavenoinstructions—norreceivedtraceable,recordedanswers。

36.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,Elisabethwasupsetby(A)theconsequencesofthecurrentsortingmechanism。(B)companies’financiallossduetoimmoralpractices(C)governmentalineffectivenessonmoralissues。(D)thewidemisuseofintegrityamonginstitutions。37.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3that

(A)GlennMulcairemaydenyphonehackingasacrime。(B)morejournalistsmaybefoundguiltyofphonehacking。(C)AndyCoulsonshouldbeheldinnocentofthecharge。(D)phonehackingwillbeacceptedoncertainoccasions。38.TheauthorbelievesthatRebekahBrooks’sdefense(A)revealedacunningpersonality。

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(B)centeredontrivialissues。(C)washardlyconvincing。(D)waspartofaconspiracy。

39.Theauthorholdsthatthecurrentcollectivedoctrineshows(A)generallydistortedvalues。(B)unfairwealthdistribution。(C)amarginalizedlifestyle。(D)arigidmoralcode。

40Whichofthefollowingissuggestedinthelastparagraph?(A)Thequalityofwritingsisofprimaryimportance。(B)Commonhumanityiscentraltonewsreporting。(C)Moralawarenessmattersineditinganewspaper。(D)Journalistsneedstricterindustrialregulations。

36.答案A.Theconsequencesofthecurrentsortingmechanism.因果细节题题目问到Elisbeth因什么而感到沮丧。定位在第一段第二句Intergrityhadcollapsed,...,becauseofacollectiveacceptancethattheonly“sortingmechanism”insocietyshouldbeprofitandthemarket,由于社会中唯一的分类机制是利润和市场这一共同的观念，导致了正直这种道德品质的沦丧。

37.答案Bmorejournalistsmaybefoundguiltyofphonehacking段落推断题定位到第三段第一句Asthehackingtrialconcludes....thewiderissueofdearthofintegritystillstands正如窃听案总结的那样，仍然存在更广泛的dearthofintegrity的事件，与选项B对应。

38.答案Cwashardlyconvincing观点细节题根据第四段第二句中astonishing，howlittle...,howlittle...Shenever...以及第三句中Sheknewnothing的语气判断作者的态度是认为RB的辩护是没有说服力的。

39.答案Agenerallydistortedvalues观点细节题题干定位在第五段第三句，答案定位在随后的第四、第五句。Thecurrentcollectivedoctrine认为重要的是efficiency,flexibility,shareholdervalue....,而认为justice,fairness..。.不重要，故扭曲了价值观。

40.答案是Cmoralawarenessmattersineditinganewspaper.段落推断题定位在最后一段前两句。世界新闻杂志的目的不是提升读者的理解能力。。。。而是为了发行量和影响力而毁了人们的生活。从ruinedthelives的表达能看出作者希望杂志所做的是提高其道德意识，与C选项对应。

PartBDirections:

Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

Howdoesyourreadingproceed?Clearly,youtrytocomprehend,inthesenseofidentifyingmeaningsforindividualwordsandworkingoutrelationshipsbetweenthem,drawingonyourimplicitknowledgeofEnglishgrammar.(41)________________.Youbegintoinferacontextforthetext,forinstance,bymakingdecisionsaboutwhatkindofspeecheventisevolved.Whoismakingtheutterance,towhom,whenandwhere?

Thewaysofreadingindicatedherearewithoutdoubtkindsofcomprehensionbuttheyshowcomprehensiontoconsistnotjustofpassiveassimilationbutofactiveengagementininference

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andproblem-solving.Youinferinformationyoufeelthewriterhasinvitedyoutograspbypresentingyouwithspecificevidenceandclues.(42)________________

Conceivedinthisway,comprehensionwillnotfollowexactlythesametrackforeachreader.Whatisinquestionisnottheretrievalofanabsolute,fixedor“true”meaningthatcanbereadoffandcheckedforaccuracy,orsometimelessrelationshipofthetexttotheworld.(43)_____________

Suchbackgroundmaterialinevitablyreflectswhoweare.(44)_____________.Thisdoesnot,however,makeinterpretationmerelyrelativeorevenpointless.Preciselybecausereadersfromdifferenthistoricalperiods,placesandsocialexperiencesproducedifferentbutoverlappingreadingsofthesamewordsonthepage---includingfortextsthatengagewithfundamentalhumanconcerns---debatesabouttextscanplayanimportantroleinsocialdiscussionofbeliefandvalues。

Howwereadagiventextalsodependstosomeextentonourparticularinterestinreadingit.(45)_____________.Suchdimensionsofreadingsuggest---asothersintroducedlaterinthebookwillalsodo--thatwebringanimplicit(oftenunacknowledged)agendatoanyactofreading.Itdoesnotthennecessarilyfollowthatonekindofreadingisfuller,moreadvancedormoreworthwhilethananother.Ideally,differentmindsofreadinginformeachother,andactasusefulreferencepointsforandcounterbalancestooneanother.Together,theymakeupthereadingcomponentofyouroverallliteracy,orrelationshiptoyoursurroundingtextualenvironment。

[A]Arewestudyingthattextandtryingtorespondinawaythatfulfillstherequirementofagivencourse?Readingitsimplyforpleasure?Skimmingitforinformation?Waysofreadingonatrainorinbedarelikelytodifferconsiderablyfromreadinginaseminarroom。

[B]Factorssuchastheplaceandperiodinwhichwearereading,ourgenderethnicity,ageandsocialclasswillencourageustowardscertaininterpretationsbutatthesametimeobscureorevencloseoffothers。

[C]Ifyouareunfamiliarwithwordsoridioms,youguessattheirmeaning,usingcluespresentedinthecontext.Ontheassumptionthattheywillbecomerelevantlater,youmakeamentalnoteofdiscourseentitiesaswellaspossiblelinksbetweenthem。

[D]Ineffect,youtrytoreconstructthelikelymeaningsoreffectsthatanygivensentence,imageorreferencemighthavehad:Thesemightbetheonestheauthorintended。

[E]Youmakefurtherinferences,forinstance,abouthowthetextmaybesignificanttoyou,oraboutitsvalidity—inferencesthatformthebasisofapersonalresponseforwhichtheauthorwillinevitablybefarlessresponsible。

[F]Inplays,novelsandnarrativepoems,charactersspeakasconstructscreatedbytheauthor,notnecessarilyasmouthpiecesfortheauthor’sownthoughts。

[G]Rather,weascribemeaningstotextsonthebasisofinteractionbetweenwhatwemightcalltextualandcontextualmaterial:betweenkindsoforganizationsorpatterningweperceiveinatext’sformalstructures(soespeciallyitslanguagestructures)andvariouskindsofbackground,socialknowledge,beliefandattitudethatwebringtothetext。

41【C】

解析：41段中空，所以要看上句。空前与空后句中的主语是you,因此正确选项在C、D中存在，此其一也；D中出现了reconstruct(重组)逻辑上是再次发生，与位于句首的逻辑发生了叙述上的矛盾。故排除D选择C。另外，C中的wordsoridioms和meanings在41空前句重现，因为前句中有identifyingmeaningsforindividualwordsandworkingout

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relationshipsbetweenthem。

42【E】

解析：42段尾空，所以看上一句话。空前一句中的主语是you,因此正确选项在C、D、E中存在，此其一也；其二，该句中主句谓语动词是infer,与E中的宾语inferences构成逻辑对应关系。故排除C和D选择E。另外，42空前两句提到了阅读时我们会activeengagementininferenceandproblem-solving,并针对作者文中的specificevidenceandclues进行信息的推测。E选项中further一词表明延续此话题，用forinstance具体举例说明我们对文章信息作怎么样的推测。

43【G】

解析：43段尾空，应重点看本段上一句。同时下段开头出现了代词suchbackground，而G中最后一句中的background与之形成逻辑对应关系。故选择G。另外，G中Rather表示转折，与43空前句开头的not构成“not…rather…”的“不是……而是……”结构

44【B】

解析：44段中空，看上下句。此段空前句中有关键词background，空后句中有关键词interpretation;background逻辑上对应G中最后一句中的background，而interpretation逻辑对应B中最后一句中的interpretations.故选择B。另外，B中Factorssuchastheplaceandperiodinwhichwearereading,ourgender,ethnicity,ageandsocialclass是44空前whoweare的具体阐述。

45【A】

解析：45段中空，看上下句。最后一段首句主语是we,所有选项中只有A和G的主语是we;但是G中首词是转折词Rather，与首句逻辑矛盾，故排除G选择A。另外，A中具体描述了许多不同的阅读目的和方式，此为对45空前句Howwereadagiventext和ourparticularinterestinreadingit的具体阐述。A中的信息是45空后句suchdimensionsofreading的指代对象。

PartCTranslationDirections:

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)

Withinthespanofahundredyears,intheseventeenthandearlyeighteenthcenturies,atideofemigration-oneofthegreatfolkwanderingsofhistory-sweptfromEuropetoAmerica.46)Thismovement,drivenbypowerfulmotivations,builtanationoutofawildernessand,byitsnature,shapedthecharacteranddestinyofanunchartedcontinent。

47)TheUnitedStatesistheproductoftwoprincipalforces-theimmigrationofEuropeanpeopleswiththeirvariedideas,customs,andnationalcharacteristicsandtheimpactofanewcountrywhichmodifiedthesetraits.Ofnecessity,colonialAmericawasaprojectionofEurope.AcrosstheAtlanticcamesuccessivegroupsofEnglishmen,Frenchmen,Germans,Scots,Irishmen,Dutchmen,Swedes,andmanyotherswhoattemptedtotransplanttheirhabitsandtraditionstothenewworld.48)ButtheforceofgeographicconditionspeculiartoAmerica,theinterplayofthevariednationalgroupsupononeanother,andthesheerdifficultyofmaintainingold-worldwaysinaraw,newcontinentcausedsignificantchanges.Thesechangesweregradualandatfirstscarcelyvisible.Buttheresultwasanewsocialpatternwhich,althoughitresembledEuropeansocietyinmanyways,hadacharacterthatwasdistinctlyAmerican。

49)ThefirstshiploadsofimmigrantsboundfortheterritorywhichisnowtheUnitedStatescrossedtheAtlanticmorethanahundredyearsafterthefifteenth-andsixteenth-century

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explorationsofNorthAmerica.Inthemeantime,thrivingSpanishcolonieshadbeenestablishedinMexico,theWestIndies,andSouthAmerica.ThesetravelerstoNorthAmericacameinsmall,unmercifullyovercrowdedcraft.Duringtheirsix-totwelve-weekvoyage,theysubsistedonmeagerrations.Manyoftheshipswerelostinstorms,manypassengersdiedofdisease,andinfantsrarelysurvivedthejourney.Sometimestempestsblewthevesselsfarofftheircourse,andoftencalmbroughtinterminabledelay。

TotheanxioustravelersthesightoftheAmericanshorebroughtalmostinexpressiblerelief.Saidonechronicler,\"Theairattwelveleagues'distancesmeltassweetasanew-blowngarden.\"Thecolonists'firstglimpseofthenewlandwasavistaofdensewoods.50)Thevirginforestwithitsrichnessandvarietyoftreeswasarealtreasure-housewhichextendedfromMaineallthewaydowntoGeorgia.Herewasabundantfuelandlumber.Herewastherawmaterialofhousesandfurniture,shipsandpotash,dyesandnavalstores。

46)Thismovement,drivenbypowerfulmotivations,builtanationoutofawildernessand,byitsnature,shapedthecharacteranddestinyofanunchartedcontinent。

【参考译文】在多种强大的动机驱动下，这次移民[微博]在一片荒野上建起了一个国家，其本身塑造了一个未知的性格和命运。

47)TheUnitedStatesistheproductoftwoprincipalforces——theimmigrationofEuropeanpeopleswiththeirvariedideas,customs,andnationalcharacteristicsandtheimpactofanewcountrywhichmodifiedthesetraits。

【参考译文】美国产生于两个主要力量：思想习俗、民族特色各异的欧洲移民，以及修改这些特征的新国家所产生的影响。

48ButtheforceofgeographicconditionspeculiartoAmerica,theinterplayofthevariednationalgroupsupononeanother,andthesheerdifficultyofmaintainingold-worldwaysinaraw,newcontinentcausedsignificantchanges。

【参考译文】但是，美国拥有独特的地理条件，不同民族之间产生了相互的作用，因此，在一片原始新上，维护旧方式产生了纯粹的困难，这一切引发了重大的变化。

49ThefirstshiploadsofimmigrantsboundfortheterritorywhichisnowtheUnitedStatescrossedtheAtlanticmorethanahundredyearsafterthefifteenth-andsixteenth-centuryexplorationsofNorthAmerica。

【参考译文】在15-16世纪北美探索的一百多年之后，运往如今的美国这片新领土的第一船移民横渡了大西洋。

50Thevirginforestwithitsrichnessandvarietyoftreeswasarealtreasure-housewhichextendedfromMaineallthewaydowntoGeorgia。

【参考译文】拥有丰富多样树种的原始森林是一个真正的宝库，它从缅因州一直延伸到乔治亚州。

SectionIIIWritingPartADirections:

Youaregoingtoholdaclubreadingsession.Writeanemailofabout100wordsrecommendingabooktotheclubmembers。

Youshouldstatereasonsforyourrecommendation。

YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANWSERSHEET.Donotsignyouownnameattheendoftheletter,use“LiMing”instead.Donotwritetheaddress。(10points)

Dearfriends，

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IamwritingtotellyouaboutafantasticbookIhavejustread,aswealwayssharethesametasteofbooks。

ThebookiscalledJourneytotheWest,whichtellsusastorythatfourmonksconqueredmultiplehandicapstoachievetheirfinaldestination.Besidesthetouchingandthrillingplot,thebookalsofeatureshumorouslanguages,thankstothetalentedauthor。

SoIrecommendittoallofyouasoneofthefavoritebooksthatIhaveeverread.IamsureyouwillloveitasmuchasIdo.Iamlookingforwardtodiscussingmorewithyouafteryoureadit。

Yourssincerely,

LiMing

PartB

52.Directions:

Writeanessayof160—200wordsbasedonthefollowingpicture.inyouressay,youshould1.describethepicturesbriefly,

2.interpretitsintendedmeaning,and3.giveyourcomments。

YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET.(20points)

Agroupoffriends,boysorgirls,arehavingadinnerpartywhileeachoneofthemischeckingmessagesintheirmobilephoneswithoutsayingawordtooneanother,leavingthedishesuntouched.Weareinformedthatthisisagatheringintheeraofmobilephone。

Theabovepictureunveilsacommonsocialphenomenonandthesymbolicmeaningofthephotoistheeffectofthemobilephoneonpeople’swayoflife.Undoubtedly,thephoneprovidesuswithconsiderableconvenience,makingmanythingspossiblewhicharebeyondourdreams.Asacommunicationtool,thephonemakesuscloserthaneverbeforebyprovidingimmediatecommunication.Meanwhile,therearenegativeeffectsonourpersonallife.Asisshowninthepicture,peopleareimprisonedintheirownworld!Theychoosecontactingonlineratherthancommunicatingfacetoface。

Accordingly,enjoyingtheconvenienceprovidedbythephones,weshouldbearinmindthathumanbeingsaresocialbeingswhoneedrealinterpersonalinteractions!Jointeffortsareneededtoensurepeopletohaveface-to-facecommunication!Ibelieveaharmoniousrelationshipbetweenfriendsisawaitingusifwesetasideourmobilephonesandenjoytheuntouchedmeal!

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