(完整)2019-2020年高考英语语法专题复习讲义必备句型全归纳

1.as soon as…一…就…= directly / immediately / instantly= the second / the minute / the moment / the instantthe hotel.

他刚一入住宾馆就来看我

.

…

…

Eg. He came around to see me as soon as / the moment/ immediately he checked in

They informed us the news immediately / directly they got it. 他们一得到消息就通知了我们

.

.

The policeman came to the spot the moment / the instant / the minute she heard of the accident.一听说事故,这位就到了现场

2.….before…. (1). 没来得及…就…

The roof fell before he had time to dash into the room to save his baby. 他还没有来得及冲进房间把孩子就出来He ran off before I could stop him.

To my great disappointment , my favorite singer left the concert before I could have a word with him.

(2).过了多久才怎么样

,动作进行到什么程度才怎样

They walked about thirty miles to the west before they saw a village.

They worked day and night about three days before everything returned to normal. Three years passed before I knew it.

3.It was + 时间段+ before….过了多久才…. ; It was not long beforeIt will ( not ) be +

…不久就…

( 不久)…..才…..

时间段+ before …要过多久

,房顶就塌了.

Eg. It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position. It was three years before he came back.

It will be half a year before you graduate from this school.

4. no sooner …than…= hardly…when…一…就…., 刚刚…就…No sooner / hardly + 如果no sooner, hardly

过去完成时,than / when + 位于句首, 主句要倒装.

一般过去时

He had hardly sat down to have a rest when the door bell rang and in came Allan. No sooner had he got off the train than his daughter ran towards him. Hardly had we arrived when she started crying to go home. 5. once 一旦…., 表示时间和条件

Once you understand this rule, you will have no further difficulty. Once you have decided to do something, you should do it well. Once you enter the chemistry lab, you should follow the teacher6. since …自从….以来

Since 引导的从句不论是延续性或非延续性动词束.

注意一下句子翻译

:

…)

Since he lived in Nanjing, I have not heard from him. (= since he left Nanjing

, 都表示的是动作或状态的完成或结

’s instructions.

自从他离开南京以来left Yangzhou…)

,我没有收到过他的信.

Since she was in Yangzhou, she has kept in touch with her former friends. ( since she 她离开扬州以来,一直同过去的朋友保持着联系对比:

1). I have never seen him since he was ill. 他病好后,我就再也没有见到他他生病以后我就再也没有见过他It is / ( has been ) +

. .

2). I have never seen him since he fell ill.

时间段+ since + 过去式

.

It is / has been two years since his father died.

= his father has been dead for two years. = his father died two years ago. 他的父亲去世两年了

.

It has been 8 years since I graduated from university. = I graduated from university 8 years ago. It is 3 years since he smoked. 从句动词非延续性的

,译成肯定意义.)

他毕业三年了.

It is 3 years since he left school.-----他三年不吸烟了.(即,从句动词延续性的

,译成否定意义;

7….until…直到…时候; not…until…直到…才…You are to stay here until / till your mother es back. The meeting was put off until ten owarning.

= We did not know much about global warning until we watched the Earth Day program.

= It was not until we watched the Earth Day program on TV that we knew much about global warming.

Not until he failed in the exam did he realize that he had wasted much time playing puter games.

8. …when…引导并列分句, “当时,突然”,强调另一动作的突然发生crashed. Chuck survived the crash and landed on a deserted island.

I was walking along the river when I heard a drowning boy crying for help. I was about to leave when it began to rain.

对比: A: I was walking along the street when I caught sight of a tailorshop.

9. while = although

尽管

’t think that it can’t be solved.

While I admit that the problem is difficult, I donWhile I was angry with her, I didn10. where 地点状语

You should put the book where it was.

Persistent people begin their success where others end in failure.

’s shop.

’s

B: I was walking along the streets. Just at that moment I caught sight of a tailor

.

One day Chuck was on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane

’clock.

Not until we watched the Earth Day program on TV did we know much about global

While I admit his good points, I can see his shortings.

’t lose my temper.

Where there is a will, there is a way.

Where men are greedy, there is never peace. Go where you should, keep on studying. 11. as 引导的行为方式状语从句

.

Please do exactly as your doctor says. You must do the exercises just as I show you As it is = as things are

照现在的情形看

’d like to buy it as it is.

He promised to study hard, but as it is , he does no better than before. Leave the house as it is. I12. as if ( as though )

好像

He looked at me as if I were mad.

He was in great trouble, but he acted if / though nothing had happened.

Although they just met for the first time, they talked as if they had been friends for many years.

There many black clouds in the sky. It looks as if it is going to rain. 13. though, although, as 把句中强调的形容词

“虽然”, 引导让步状语从句

.

它的词序是:

Although位于句首; though 位于句首或句中;as位于句中= though = that,

,副词,动词或名词放在连词前

. 注意观察下列句式变化

Although / Though I

’m young, I already know what career I want to follow.

= Young as / though / that I am, I already know what career I want to follow. Although I respect him very much, I can not agree with his idea. = Much as / that / though I respect him, I can not agree with his idea. Although / though he is a child, he knows a lot of Chinese characters. = Child as / though / that he is , he knows a lot of Chinese characters. Although he tried, he couldn= Try as he might, he couldn

’t solve the problem. ’t solve the problem.

Although it is raining, I am going out for a walk. = Raining as it is, I am going out for a walk. 14. even if = even though

即使…也…; 即便…也…

’ll keep my business going.

’t give up attended without

Even if / though I have to sell my house, I

She won’t attend such parties even though/ if she is invited. You are not stupid. Even though/ if you were slow in study, you shouldnstudies.

The boy was badly injured delay,

he couldn’t have been saved. 15. whether…or…不管…还是…

Whether the weather is good or bad, they will set off as they planned. Whether he drives or takes the train, he will be here on time.

Any person, whether young or old, has his worth, independent of achievements, bank accounts or looks.

16. 疑问词+ ever

Whatever ,whoever, whichever, whenever, wherever, whoever均引导让步状语从句相当于no matter 与what, who, which, when, where, how

连用.

,

and died at last. Even

if he had been

Whatever ( = No matter what ) may happen, we shall not lose hope. Whoever / No matter who es, he will be wele.

Whenever / No matter when it happened, it was certainly not yesterday. Wherever / No matter where he went, he made friends with people. 17. unless 除非,如果不(= if…not) I shall go tomorrow unless it rains. ------Shall Tom go and play football?

------Not unless he has finished his homework. Unless the sun were to rise in the west, I wouldn

’t break my word.

I won’t attend his birthday party unless invited (= unless I am invited)

2019-2020年高考英语语法专题复习讲义主格结构

（一）：主格的概念

“主格结构”是由名词或代词作为逻辑主语，加上分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成。这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系，通常称为构”。

（二）：主格的功能

“主格结构”实质就是带有自己主语的非性状语从句。众所周知非性从句通常以主句的某一成分作为自己的逻辑主语，

从而依附于主句。而有些非性从句和无动词

从句带有自己的主语，在结构上与主句不发生关系，因此成为主格结构。其实，虽然叫做主格结构，并不是真正的，它还是一种从属分句，在句中有多种作用。如：表原因、表条件、表方式、表伴随、表时间等，在句中通常起状语作用。

主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相当于一个状语从句，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。例如：

1) 表示时间

The meeting being over, all of us went home. Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 2）表示条件

The condition being favorable, he may succeed. 3）表示原因

There being no taxis, we had to walk. 以他把她裹得严严实实的。

4）表示伴随情况

Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all. 是良导体，而银则是最好的导体。

and silver is the best of all.) （三）：主格结构的构成：名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词；名词(代词)+形容词；名词(代词)+副词；

(=Almost all metals are good conductors,

几乎所有的金属都

没有出租车，我们只好步行。

夜又黑又冷，所

He wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and frosty.

若条件有利，他或许能成功。开完会后我们都回家了。她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。

“主格结

名词(代词)+名词名词(代词)+不定式；名词(代词) +介词短语构成。（四）主格结构的特点：

(1）主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它存在。

2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即逻辑主语为动作执行者。

3）主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。举例：（一）

1) 名词/代词+形容词

The men moved slowly forward, neck deep in the them.

It stood silent in the noon sunlight, its door open. 2）名词/代词+现在分词

Winter ing, it gets colder and colder.

冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。

雨停了，他出去散步。

问题解决之后，我们结束了会

The rain having stopped, he went out for a walk. The question being settled, we wound up the meeting. 议。

3）名词/代词+过去分词

“Marquis,” said the boy, turning to the man, his eyes opened wide, and his right hand raised.

4）名词/代词（主格）+不定式

We shall assemble at ten forty-five, the procession to start moving at precisely eleven. 我们十点四十五分集合，队伍十一点准时出发。

Here are the first two volumes, the third one to e out next month. 将于下月问世。

We divided the work, he to clean the windows and I to sweep the floor. 工，他擦窗户，我扫地。

The two boys said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to his friend’两个男孩彼此道了别，一个回了家，另一个去了他朋友家。s.

5）名词/代词+介词短语

I followed him here, climbed in, sword in hand. The huntsman entered the forest, gun in hand. 6）名词/代词+副词

Nobody in, the thief took a lot of things away. Lunch over, he left the house. But he was thinking. 7）名词/代词+名词

he fought the wolf, a stick his only weapon. （二）

The test finished, we began our holiday.

= When the test was finished, we began our holiday. 考试结束了，我们开始放假。

The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.

他和狼搏斗着，唯一的武器是一根棍棒。

那位猎人手里提着走进了树林。

He sat at the table, coat off, head down, and pen in hand.

我们进行了分

这是前两卷，第三卷

water, with their officers guiding

= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. 总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。

Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. 如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。This done, we went home. 工作完成后，我们才回家。

The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier. 会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。

He came into the room, his ears red with cold. 他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。

He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. 他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆2. With的复合结构作主格

表伴随时，既可用分词的结构，也可用举例: He stood there, his hand raised. = He stood there, with his hand raised使用主格四点注意：

1.主格与状语从句的转换当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时，用主格结构取代状语从句，但不再保留连词。如：over / Class over), the students soon left the classroom.（或having been）不能省略。

(1) 主格的逻辑主语是代词时。如：期天，我们去了做礼拜。

(2)在There being＋名词的结构中。如：There being no bus, we had to go home on foot.因为没有公共汽车，所以我们不得不步行回家。

3. 通常不用物主代词或冠词在般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词。如：the classroom, with a book in his hand.

4. 主格结构没有所有格形式编来了，我们开始开会。

主格结构的用法

主格结构主要表示谓语动词发生的时间、语从句或并列句。

1. 用作时间状语：The work done (=After the work had been done), we went home. 工作完成后，我们就回家了。

2. 用作条件状语：Weather permitting (=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.

3. 用作原因状语：

如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。

An important lecture to be given tomorrow (=As an important

因为明天

原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状

The chief-editor arriving, we began the meeting.

)

主

(比较动名词复合结构。

“名词（或代词）＋介词短语”构成的主格结构中，

Miss Smith entered the classroom, book in hand.

with的复合结构。如：Miss Smith entered

一

It being Sunday, we went to church.

因为是星

After class was over (=Class being 下课后，学生很快离开了课室。

being

可

【raising亦可】.

with的复合结构。

with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语

2. 不能省略being (having been)的情形在下列两种情况下，主格结构中的

史密斯小姐走进了课室，手里拿着一本书。比较

lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night. 要发表一个重要的演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。

4. 用作伴随状语：He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head (=and his hands were crossed under his head).力，一个人干两个人的活。

*注：主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。典型例题

The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his backA. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied

答案D. with +名词（代词）+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时，其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词

注意:

1) 主格结构使用介词的问题：

当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分但with 的复合结构不受此

A robber burst into the room, knife in hand. ( hand前不能加his)。

2) 当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时，用现在分词表主动，用过去分词表被动。He lay there, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up. 他握着拳头，眼睛直视地躺在那儿。解析：拳头被握所以用过去分词表被动，典型例题：

Weather___, we'll go out for a walk.

A permitted B permitting C permits D for permitting

答案B. 本题中没有连词，它不是复合句，也不是并列句。写，可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有主格或本句中使用的是结构，表主动，应用现在分词，故选permits, we'll go out for a walk.

主格结构妙题赏析请看下面一道题：

Not far from the school there was a garden, _________ owner seated in it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon.

A. its B. whose C. which D. that 【分析】此题很容易误选

B，许多同学会认为句中逗号后是一个非性的定语从句，

owner。此分析从表面上看，似乎天衣无缝，

seated 可视为谓语动词，但是注意，seated 改为sitting，也应选择B）。所

whose 在定语从句中用作定语修饰其后的名词但它们都是非谓语动词。也许有的同学认为，其中的seated 前加上助动词以此题最佳答案选

A。

is，则可以选择B（当然若将

B。

不妨将句子改为条件句，例如本句改为

If weather

然后将if 去掉，再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可。

句中使用了逗号，且we 小with的复合结构。据此判断，

眼睛直视是主动的所以用现在分词表示来修饰。

注意：不可断章取义地根据动词是否为及物动词来判断是否采用过去分词或现在分词！

（如物主代词或冠词），也不用复数。

\"手\"与分词\"绑\"是被动关系，因此用过去分词，选

D.

。

他躺在草地上，两手交叉枕在脑后。

我们加倍努

5.表示补充说明：We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two.

其结构为：名词+分词。由于permit在这里翻译为'天气允许'，

如果不会判断结构作状语的形式，

但实质上是错的，原因是空格后根本不是一个句子，因为没有谓语。尽管句中有两个动词，seat 用作动词时，它总是及物的，其后要么接宾语，要么它就用于被动语态，所以若在

请再看一个类似的例子：

(1) He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ translated into foreign languages. A. it B. them C. this D. that

(2) He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ languages.A. it B. them C. which D. that

第(1)应选B，而不能选C，是因为句中的则该从句无谓语；第

再请看下面一例：

(3) He wrote a lot of novels, and many of _________ were translated into foreign translated 是过去分词(非谓语动词)，若选C，

were translatedC

。

(2)应选C，因为句中有谓语

were translated into foreign

languages.

A. it B. them C. which D. that 【分析】此题与上面的第(2)题不同，两句间多了一个并列连词

and，说明这是一个并

列句，故应选

B，则不能选C。

请做做以下三题(答案均为B)：

(1) There I met several people, two of _________ being foreigners. A. which B. them C. whom D. that

(2) There I met several people, two of _________ were foreigners. A. which B. whom C. who D. that

(3) There I met several people, and two of _________ were foreigners. A. which B. them C. whom D. that